Going home…

Three out of many good reasons to go home... Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena „Coevolution of plants and insects“ Get feedback Learn glucosinolate analysis Sow some Pachycladon seeds Poster at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology 10th Anniversary of the MPICE, 1997-2007 „ The raison d‘etre of plant secondary substances“ - Fraenkel (1959), Science Ask for a more money...

Some broccoli for lunch? – Research at the Jena MPICE Glucosinolate diversity – The mustard oil bomb of brassicaceous plants Specialist insects disarm the mustard oil bomb: Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) makes NSP Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) desulfates glucosinolates rendering them invisible to myrosinase + desulfatase (P. xylostella) +ESP +NSP (P. rapae)

Sampling – 3 Populations per Species P. fastigiata P. enysii F1 1700m E1 1640m F2 1200m E2 1900m E3 1780m F3 1400m

Distribution across species & sites? Glucosinolates - Within & Between Species Variation 3MSOP 4MSOB Allyl 5MSOP 3Butenyl 6MSOH 3MTP 7MSOH 5Pentenyl 4MTB 8MSOO 4MOI3M P. enysii P. fastigiata How many chemotypes? Distribution across species & sites?

Glucosinolates – Clustering Identifies 5 Chemotypes Distribution (Site, # Individuals) Profile # Found in... 1 P. enysii 3 chemotypes in P. enysii, 2 in P. fastigiata, no overlap! 2 P. fastigiata Each site dominated by one chemotype, except F3 3 P. enysii 4 P. enysii Local adaptation or drift? 5 P. fastigiata

4 Arabidopsis ecoypes to play with: Ler, Col, Ws, Cvi

Predicting genotypes from phenotypes? MAM1 C3 gls C4 gls MT gls Alkenyl glucosinolate Hydroxyalkenyl glucosinolate AL gls AOP2 MS gls HAL gls AOP3

Predicting genotypes from phenotypes? MAM1+AOP2+ Cvi WS MAM1- AOP- MAM1+ AOP- Col MAM1- AOP3+ Ler

GLS loci likely to segregate in P. enysii and P. fastigiata Pachycladon chemotypes Arabidopsis ecotypes Segregating loci MAM1+ AOP2+ E1 Cvi MAM1- AOP- F1/3 Ws MAM1+ AOP2+ E3 Cvi MAM1- AOP2+ E2 F2/3 n/a

Predicted Biochemical Profiles Do TT7, FAH1, ESP, ESM1 segregate in P. enysii vs P. fastigiata? P. enysii makes nitriles P. fastigiata makes isothiocyanates Process Gene Regulation Predicted Biochemical Profiles Response to UVB TT7, FAH1 up in P. enysii Quercetin & sinapates up in P. enysii Glucosinolate hydrolysis ESP up in P. enysii ESM1 up in P. fastigiata Glucosinolate biosynthesis AOP2, MAM1 C4 & Alkenyl glucosinolates 1. 2. 3. Response to Herbivory Flavonoid analysis at Lincoln University (field samples) Analysis of glucosinolate hydrolysis products at MPICE (greenhouse samples)

(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data) Ideas for year 2 Comparative transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics across Pachycladon radiation Transcriptomics: Microarrays (HortResearch) vs. Solexa (AWC) Proteomics: Paul Haynes (Maquarie University) Metabolomics: GLS and GLS hydrolysis products (Jena) Flavonoids (Lincoln) (super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data) Candidate gene studies (expression and allele frequencies studies) Ecological significance of GLS production? (id herbivores, feeding trials)

Premliminary GLS survey across Pachycladon radiation P. wallii P. exilis P. fastigiata P. novae-zealandia P. cheesemanii P. enysii (super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data) GLS patterns don’t follow phylogeny

Workshop on multivariate analysis of –omics data Principal Components Analysis (Ordination) Multidimensional Scaling (Ordination) Hierachical Clustering (Classification) Linear Discriminant Analysis (Classification) (implemented in R) Examples Volatile bouquets of Medicago leaves challenged with different elicitors Glucosinolate profiles across Pachycladon populations

Going home…