Review Ch. 13 Sec. 5 1. Why is it so important that elements cycle through ecosystems? Ch. 14 Sec. 5 2. Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession Ch. 15 Sec. 4 3. List the four major ocean zones in order from most shallow to most deep 4. Describe the 2 unique habitats of coastal waters

Targets 1. Summarize the characteristics of estuaries and the organisms that inhabit 2. Describe moving and standing freshwater ecosystems and the adaptations of the organisms that live there 3. Identify common features of ponds and lakes

KEY CONCEPT Freshwater ecosystems include estuaries as well as flowing and standing water.

Estuaries are dynamic environments where rivers flow into the ocean. An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water. mixture of fresh water with salt water Chesapeake Bay Louisiana bayous

Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems. Estuaries provide a protected refuge for many species. birds migration spawning grounds Estuaries are primarily threatened by land development.

Freshwater ecosystems include moving and standing water. A watershed is a region of land that drains into a body of water. Ecosystems may be different along a river’s course

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems. provide a home for many species filter dirty water renew underground water supply Some animals have adaptations suited to the freshwater they inhabit.

Ponds and lakes share common features. Freshwater bodies are divided into three zones. littoral zone limnetic zone benthic zone

All lakes “turn over” periodically. Turn over happens due to changes in density. In both autumn and spring, surface water flows downward and bottom water flows upward. The upwelling brings up nutrients.

Review Questions AND Multiple Choice Ch. 13 Sec. 5 Assignment Review Questions AND Multiple Choice Ch. 13 Sec. 5 1. Why is it so important that elements cycle through ecosystems? Ch. 14 Sec. 5 2. Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession Ch. 15 Sec. 4 3. List the four major ocean zones in order from most shallow to most deep 4. Describe the 2 unique habitats of coastal waters

Freshwater Biomes- have photic, aphotic, and benthic zones; greater seasonal & temp changes than marine biomes, organisms must adapt. Three main types: 1. Moving water- a river or stream with vegetation that is frequently washed away consequently contain few algae or plants. Animals feed on insects and things washed in from the land, animals also have adaptations to keep from getting swept away in the current. 2. Standing water- a pond or lake depending upon the size. Ponds are smaller and shallower so light usually reaches to the entire bottom. Light can only reach part of a lakes bottom. Lakes and ponds near human populations can also contain large amounts of phosphorous and nitrogen compounds 3. Wetland- develops where fresh or salt water meets land; includes marshes, bogs, and swamps