Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Advertisements

1 Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10.2 Alkanes Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Alkanes Chapter 12 Alkanes. 2 Alkanes Alkanes: Contain only C and H. Have only single C—C bonds. Have a general formula of C n H 2n +2. C AtomsH.
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
1 Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10.1 Organic Compounds Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Any molecule that contains the element CARBON.
Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Problems for chapter 11.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Unsaturated.
1 Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10.1 Organic Compounds Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Dr. Chin Chu What is Organic chemistry? What does organic mean to you? The name organic was given to molecules found in living.
Unit 6 Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction.
To name an alkane you need to know the number of carbon atoms it contains.
C HAPTER 10 I NTRODUCTION TO O RGANIC C HEMISTRY : A LKANES 10.1 Organic Compounds 1 Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.2 Alkanes.
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.4 Properties.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Defining “Organic” An organic compound is one containing carbon. Exceptions: Carbon oxides Carbides Carbonates.
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10.1 Organic Compounds 1 Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 17 Organic Chemistry 17.1 Alkanes Compounds in food contain many organic compounds.
Chemistry 20 Chapter 2 Alkanes.
HYDROCARBONS. Hydrocarbons are composed, as their name suggests mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, though some types have oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur.
CHAPTER 2 The Alkanes: Structure and Nomenclature of Simple Hydrocarbons.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction.
What is organic chemistry
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction.
Organic Chemistry. Allotropes of Carbon Allotropes are forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns Examples: Diamond, Graphite, Amorphous.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.3 Alkanes.
Homework Course Outline Case Study 9.1 Questions * Please hand-in to the hand-in box *
Alkanes. Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds.
Organic chemistry Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa  Alkyl group alkane 1.
Midterm Review Bit of Orgo? GT Chemistry 1/13/15.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Hydrocarbons. What are Hydrocarbons? A hydrocarbon is a molecule which contains only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen. Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes. Timberlake LecturePLUS2 Alkanes Contain C and H only Contain single bonds C-C Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom Are nonpolar.
1 Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.1 Organic Compounds Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.1 Organic.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Inorganic and Organic Compounds: Names and Formulas 6.7 Alkanes Basic Chemistry Copyright.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. A large number of carbon compounds.
Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Chapter 24 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
12.3 Alkanes with Substituents
Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Organic Chemistry #1 Ch. 10 and 11- Part One
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
Alkanes.
Cyclic Hydrocarbons The two ends of the carbon chain are attached in a ring named as “cyclo- ____” hydrocarbon compounds that do NOT contain rings are.
chapter 9 Organic chemistry Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
Saturated Hydrocabons
Organic Compounds (Part 1)
Chemeketa Community College
Chapter Organic Chemistry Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Why is it important?
Naming & Drawing Alkanes
Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
Alkanes.
Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons Part 1 Nat
Lecture 6 – Chapter 11 Intro to Organic Chemistry
Introduction to Hydrocarbons Alkanes
Notes #2: Hydrocarbons WCHS Chemistry.
Jeff Venables Northwestern High School
Structure of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Alkanes Section 1.1.
Presentation transcript:

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 10.2 Alkanes 1

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Alkanes Alkanes are organic molecules containing primarily C–C single bonds commonly used as fuels for heaters and cooktops whose names end in ane named by using the number of carbon atoms connected in a continuous chain 2

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. IUPAC Naming of the First Ten Alkanes 3

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Condensed Structural Formulas In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are written as a group a subscript indicates the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom of butane, four carbon atoms are attached in a straight line CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 butane 4

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Condensed Structural Formulas Alkanes are written with structural formulas that are expanded to show each bond condensed to show each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms Expanded Condensed Expanded Condensed 5

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Writing Structural Formulas Carbon atoms in a chain maintain tetrahedral shape are connected in a zigzag pattern are drawn as two-dimensional can be written in several conformations 6

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Expanded, Condensed, and Skeletal Structures 7 A hexane molecule can be represented in several ways: a molecular formula a ball-and-stick model an expanded structural formula a condensed structural formula a skeletal formula

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Expanded, Condensed, and Skeletal Structures for C 4 H 10 8

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check 1. Write the expanded structural formula for the following: 2. What is its molecular formula? 3. What is its condensed structural formula? 4. What is its name? 9

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution 1.Write the expanded structural formula for the following: 2.What is its molecular formula? C 5 H 12 3.What is its condensed structural formula? CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 4.What is its name? pentane 10

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Write the condensed structural formula for A. ethane B. heptane 11

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the condensed structural formula for A. ethane CH 3  CH 3 B. heptane CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 12

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Cycloalkanes are cyclic alkanes have two less hydrogen atoms than the open chain are named by using the prefix cyclo before the name of the alkane chain with the same number of carbon atoms propane, C 3 H 8 cyclopropane, C 3 H 6 13

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Formulas of Cycloalkanes 14

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check 15 Give the IUPAC name for each of the following compounds: A. B.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution 16 Give the IUPAC name for each of the following compounds: A. An alkane with eight continuous carbon atoms is octane. B. A cyclic molecule with five carbons is cyclopentane.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name the following alkanes: A. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 B. C. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 D. 17

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the following alkanes: A. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 butane B.cyclopropane C. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3 octane D. cyclohexane 18