Time-Life Video

 Athens was the most powerful city-state  Athens was almost always expected to win.  The constructing of Athens was completed in 50 years.

 Located on the Mediterrean Sea and the Adriatic Sea.  See mapmap

 Started with a king  Citizens owned slaves  True democracy – everyone (men) was involved  Citizen – a male born within the city gates

 Spent tax money on statues and temples  Athens was paid to protect other city-states

 Athena was their primary goddess  Poisiden – god of storms and seas  Battles of Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

Modern World History textbook, pages 5-9

 Athens Builds a Limited Democracy (5-6) ◦ Introduction ◦ Reform of Solon ◦ Reform of Cleisthenes  Changes in Greek Democracy (6-8) ◦ Introduction & Pericles ◦ Greek Philosophers & Legacy of Greece  Rome Develops a Republic (8)  Roman Law (8-9)

 Introduction ◦ Until 683, had a monarchy ◦ Created a council with three noblemen elected by the citizens

 Reforms of Solon ◦ Created the Council of Four Hundred of nobles ◦ Established four classes based on wealth ◦ Outlawed debt-slavery for citizens

 Reforms of Cleithenes ◦ Created the Council of Five Hundred, including citizens, who were chosen by lot ◦ Allows all citizens to vote, submit laws, & serve on Council

 Introduction ◦ 479 BC City-states joined together against Darius & Xerxes’ Persian forces.  Athens become the leader of Delian League, 140 city- states

 Pericles ◦ Ruled 32 years ( BC) ◦ the Golden Age of Greece, lasted 50 years ◦ Held public debates about war ◦ Paid citizens to serve as jurors and officials  Sparta then Phillip II and Alexander the Great took power (monarchy) in 338 BC

 Greek Philosophers – followed a set of rules: universe is set together through laws; humans can understand these laws through reason. 1.Socrates – 2.Plato –The Republic 3.Aristotle –Politics

 Legacy of Greece ◦ Developed the ideas for creating checks and balances in the government

Modern World History textbook – pages 7-9

 Introduction ◦ About 1000 – 500 BC, Romans took control of the Italian penisula from the Greeks and the Etruscans. ◦ In 509 B.C., Romans established a republic after overthrowing the king.

 From Kingdom to Republic ◦ Government system taken from the Greeks  Citizens were free-born males  Council members served for one year  Created branchs of government ◦ Romans established a republic  Patricians = aristocrats  Plebeians = commoner (farmers, artisans, & merchants)

 Republican Government ◦ Separate branches  Two Councils (men) = army and government  Senate = Supreme ruling body (patricians) foreign & financial policies  Two Assemblies = (plebeian) ◦ A dictator could be appointed in a time of crisis for six-months ◦ Augustus became emperor in 27 BC

 Introduction ◦ Believed the law should protect citizens and property – not just the rich. ◦ Created a universal code of laws, based on reason  Equal treatment  Innocent until proven guilty  Accuser must prove guilt of the accused  Unreasonable laws can be put aside.

 Written Legal Code ◦ Decided to record the law ◦ Twelve Tablets – written Roman law (451 BC)  Equal treatment  Innocent until proven guilty  Accuser must prove guilt of the accused  Unreasonable laws can be put aside. ◦ Code of Justinian - Compiled all the Roman laws (528 CE)

 Terms: Senate and dictator  Individual is a citizen not a subject  Written legal code for all citizens

RomanGreek  Which characteristic of government under the Roman Republic has the greatest impact on the democractic tradition?  Control by citizens  Separation of government branchs  Regard for written law  How do the steps Athens Greece took reflect a turn toward democracy? ◦ Solon’s reforms ◦ Cleisthenes’ reforms ◦ Pericle’s reforms