December 3 rd Sign in Sign up for presentation Questions about CCA papers? Discuss Film Lecture 11: Global Politics Homework:  Final draft of CCA paper due on Monday  Homework #8

Lecture 11 Globalization & Global Politics

Nation- States States:  Political apparatus of government  Legal system  Military Sovereignty: authority and power over a nation- states territory  Political  Economic  Social Food sovereignty: ability to produce food within national borders to feed the citizenry  Film “Life and Debt”

Citizenship Citizenship: rights and duties of individuals within a nation-states Civil rights: rights under the law Political rights: right to participate in elections and run for office Social rights: right to a minimum level of economic welfare and security

Nation-State Building From 1945 to 1981 over 105 NEW Nation-states became members of the UN UN declared citizens’ rights to the social contract: Everyone “is entitled to realization through national effort, and international co-operation…to the economic, social, and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and free development of his personality.”

Development Project Global political institutions emerged after WWII  World Bank & IMF & GATT  Lead by US and European States  Western as a model: economic & political Goals:  Expand imports of Global North Tech  Expand exports of Global South Products  Stabilize global trade

Third World Debt During the 1970’s countries took on a large amount of debt for development programs  Lots of money on the global market because of the development of OPEC 1980’s called the “Lost Decade” for developing countries  Many countries sunk into debt due to failure of development projects as well as corruption

The Debt Solution Structural Adjustment Programs: economic policies that countries must follow in order to qualify for new World Bank and IMF loans  Reduce public spending  Decrease wages and focus on “cheap labor”  Breakdown global trade barriers

Globalization Project Extra-state regulation: international political institutions regulate the global economy  IMF and WB – new roles  World Trade Organization “Participation in the global economy”  Growth based on comparative advantage and specialization  Organized by corporations

The Debt Crisis The world's poorest countries pay over $100 million every day to the richest countries, private banks, and the IMF/WB  The poorest 152 countries owe over $ 2.5 trillion. "I encourage … total debt cancellation for poor countries because, frankly, it is a scandal that we are forced to choose between basic health and education for our people and repaying historical debt." -- President Mkapa of Tanzania, 2005

Power Elite Power Elite: individuals who occupy positions of power in leading social institutions and make decisions that have the greatest impact on people nationally  Business interests come first Are we seeing the emergence of a global power elite?  Representatives from countries occupy positions power in leading global institutions

A Global Power Elite? Transnational Political Organizations: politics w/out borders  World Trade Organization (WTO)  International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Transnational Corporations: business w/out borders  Of the 100 largest economies in the world, 51 are corporations; only 49 are countries International business interests take priority in shaping the policy of the IMF, WB, and WTO

Global Politics and Development “Sovereign” nation-states are now being regulated by extra-state political organizations such as the IMF, World Bank, and WTO  Challenges citizenship rights Civil Political Social Deterioration of foundation of democracy in nation-states – the state-citizen relationship

Bechtel, Bolivia, & Water As part of a SAP, the WB and IMF forced Bolivia to sell publicly owned companies to corporations  Boliva sold its water system to Bechtel Corporation Significant price increases for water caused protests, riots, and fatalities  Bechtel was forced to leave Bechtel sued Bolivia for $25 million through the WB in closed-door proceedings  Dropped case in 2006