Tenure Security, Urban Services and Slum Upgrading The Case of Ribeira Azul, Bahia, Brazil Ivo Imparato, World Bank, LCSUW November 2007

Salvador, Bahia - Brazil The city of Salvador Number of slums: 357 People living in slums: 800,000 (ca. 30% of city’s population)

Chronology Initial interventions of the Government of Bahia in the area of Alagados, Salvador 1970’s Start of systematic collaboration between the State Government of Bahia and the italian NGO AVSI, with the support of the Italian Government and the contribution of the World Bank (Novos Alagados Project – 15,000 beneficiaries) 1993 Viver Melhor I Program, with financial support from the Federal level (Caixa), Habitar Brasil/IADB, Produr/World Bank and the State Government of Bahia 1995 1996 Istanbul – Habitat II – UN Conference on Human Settlements Scaling up of Novos Alagados Project in partnership between the State Government of Bahia, AVSI and the World Bank – Produr loan. 1998

Chronology Start of the implementation of Ribeira Azul Program 1999 Constitution of the Cities Alliance by World Bank and UN-Habitat; Italy was a founding member 1999 Start of Cities Alliance Technical and Social Assistance Project to Ribeira Azul Program (135,000 beneficiaries) 2001

Ribeira Azul Program Objective: Actions: Integrated Program for the reduction of urban poverty, aiming to improve the quality of life of 135,000 people Actions: Urban upgrading and environmental recovery; Resettlement of stilt dwellers; Home improvement; Construction and restructuring of community and social facilities; Human development sub-projects

Ribeira Azul Program FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM AREA: Corresponding to 22% of all informal settlement residents in Salvador Social intervention area: ca. 4 km2 Population......: 135,000 Dwellings........: 40,000 Physical intervention area Stilt houses...................: 3,500 Dwellings on dry land...: 9,000

Qualitative change from stilt houses to urban neighbourhood 1996 2003

Ribeira Azul Program Areas with concluded or on-going works Service 2000 2006 Garbage collection 50% 80% Access to water system 37% 91% Access to eletricity 72% 88% Access to sewerage system 21% 84% Houses without toilets 31% 3% Source: Results Evaluation Report, 2006

Programa Ribeira Azul Relocation of stilt dwellers Stilt dwellings in 1994............................................................3,500 Households relocated from stilt dwellings.............................2,700 Households still to be relocated...............................................800

Program Features Scaling up Participatory action: the community and local associations as partners of a program for the reduction of urban poverty; Institutional strengthening; Integrated and area-based infrastructure and urban development interventions; Facing slum upgrading issues and problems which can be systematized and disseminated; Robust monitoring and evaluation system

Ribeira Azul Partnership Ministéro das Cidades 70 Local Associations

State policy of integrated Viver Melhor II Project Definition of strategic principles for the new Viver Melhor II Program, replicating the methodology applied in Ribeira Azul in other areas of the State of Bahia 2003 Approval of the World Bank loan and approval of an Italian-funded Cities Alliance grant for Technical and Methodologial Assistance to Viver Melhor II Project (PAT) 2005 2006 Start-up of Viver Melhor II Project and PAT activities 1994 Novos Alagados (Salvador) 2001 Ribeira Azul 2006 Viver Melhor (Bahia) Integrated approach Macro-area Local State policy of integrated urban development

Viver Melhor II Project Key concepts: Adoption of the integrated, area-based and participatory methodology of Novos Alagados/Ribeira Azul Scaling up: from a local project to a state level program Focus on pro-poor, integrated urban development policies and actions as an entry point for poverty reduction

Viver Melhor II Project Component A USD 54.8 million Urban infrastructure delivery 65% Viver Melhor II Component B USD 19.5 million Social services delivery 25% USD 82.1 million Component C USD 7.8 million Institutional Strengthening, Studies and Project Management 10%

Challenges Going Forward Land tenure regularization Cost recovery Resettlement housing Affordable land supply – prevention of new invasions Enlarged partnership for O&M of the investments / sustainability Local Economic Development – income generation Crime and violence prevention

Challenges in Scaling Up Replicability of a successful methodology on a larger scale: Intersectoral work Participation Support to local associations Management of significant resources of social component Training and co-ordinating the new actors Transforming lessons learned into public policies