Lewis Mumford, The Highway and the City What is transportation for? A good transportation system minimizes unnecessary transportation

In other words… A good transportation system Provides more access with less mobility

The Key Elements of Transportation Plan for Sustainable City 1.Uses broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes 2.Plans for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends 3.Develops solutions maximizing access, not mobility 4.Gives priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more efficient mode of travel 5.Provides choices through a diversity of modes to meet different needs and suit different contexts

Biloxi 2004 Biloxi c2004 Roads Slated for Expansion

Biloxi lanes6 lanes5 lanes4 lanes Biloxi 2025 With Road Expansion

Gulfport 2004 Gulfport c2004 Roads Slated for Expansion

Gulfport lanes6 lanes5 lanes4 lanes Gulfport 2025 With Road Expansion

254 miles

50% 25% 0% USA

Growth in Population and Traffic 50% 25% 0% Mississippi

Traffic Fatality in Mississippi

Traffic Fatalities per 100, Mississippi Netherlands USA

Auto Dependency in Mississippi

EnvironmentSocietyEconomy Level 1 3 Domains Level 2 12 Elements (Goals) Level 3 19 Indicators ** * * ** * ** ** Level 4 22 Variables Each indicator is measured by one or more variables

1 Minimize consumption of renewable and non- renewable resources for transportation 2 Design transportation and place making systems to maximize land use efficiency 3 Minimize transportation and place making system’s impact on ecological systems 4 Limit transportation related wastes and pollution 18

Social Elements 5. Transportation system meets access needs in a way that is consistent with human health and safety 6. Planning and management of transportation system incorporates different levels of government and community input 7. Transportation and place making system facilitates social interaction and social equity 8. Transportation and place making system meets basic access needs of all individuals 19

9. Transportation is affordable for individuals 10. Transportation is efficient for movement of people and goods 11. Transportation is locally self-sufficient 12. Transportation does not contribute to economic vulnerability of society 20

Best Dist. of Columbia17.4% Alaska22.1% New York22.6% Connecticut22.7% Massachusetts22.8% Worst Mississippi44.2% Wyoming38.2% Alabama38.1% Montana38.0% Kentucky37.7%

Best Oregon6.7 Indiana4.7 Dist. of Columbia3.9 Massachusetts3.8 South Dakota3.4 Worst Michigan0.3 Mississippi0.4 Alaska0.5 Louisiana0.7 Hawaii0.7 Connecticut: Ranked 19th, 23 % Growth in GDP, 12% Growth in VMT

Best New York12.5% Washington13.4% Massachusetts14.1% Virginia14.1% California15.1% Worst Mississippi45.4% Montana40.8% Rhode Island40.3% North Dakota37.3% South Carolina37.1% Connecticut: Ranked 40th, 32.9 % Federal Sources

Best Dist. of Columbia0.2% New York1.1% Connecticut1.4% Delaware1.4% Rhode Island1.5% Worst Alaska6.0% Mississippi4.5% Montana4.0% Wyoming3.9% North Dakota3.8% Percentage spent on transportation petroleum shown

Best Dist. of Columbia90 New York75 Massachusetts73 Oregon65 Washington65 Worst Mississippi7 Montana21 Arkansas28 Wyoming29 South Carolina29 Connecticut: Ranked 16th, Score 55

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1.Use broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes 2.Plan for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends 3.Develop solutions maximizing access, not mobility 4.Give priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more efficient mode of travel 5.Provide choices through a diversity of modes to meet different needs and suit different contexts To what extent is transportation planning in Mississippi and Kingston consistent with the elements of sustainable transportation planning?

Building Cities An essential challenge for building more effective cities is to get government back to the job of consciously designing them - Alexander Marshall