Genetics Emma

The Basics of DNA D.N.A.~ deoxyribonucleic acid that tells how to make the organism, DNA is different for everyone Double Stranded Helix~ what DNA looks like, a twisted ladder, how chromosomes form together Base~ “rungs" of the helix, contain nitrogen

Genetic Diseases Genetic disease~ diseases caused be an abnormality in the genetic information. Abnormalities in DNA sequence, multiple parts of DNA, chromosomes, and mitochondria can cause these diseases. The diseases are passed from parents to children.

Cloning Cloning~ the process of making genetically identical organisms unnaturally. Growing a plant from a cutting is technically a type of cloning. In 1997 scientists created the first animal clone, a sheep named Dolly.

Heredity Heredity~ genes for certain traits are passed down in families from parents to offspring Heredity was known in Biblical times. Although, Gregor Mendel did the first extensive research on it while in a German monastery.

Mitosis Mitosis~ process of nucleus replication in eukaryotes where two identical daughter cells are formed There are four phases in mitosis. Interphase and Cytokinesis are stages directly before and after mitosis but not in the process.

Meiosis Meiosis~ cell division where egg and sperm cells are produced and genetic material is reduced per each new cell There is two cell divisions, yet copies only one set of DNA. There are eight phases and makes four cells.

Quiz What element do bases contain? Is cloning natural or unnatural? Who did the first extensive research on heredity? How many daughter cells does mitosis produce? True or False: Does the amount of DNA increase with each new cell in meiosis?

Answers 1: Nitrogen 2: Unnatural 3: Gregor Mendel 4: 2 5: False

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