Plant transport Chapter 36
Plant transport Evolutionary changes Roots, Leaves, Stems Water Carbohydrates Minerals Light energy CO 2 O2O2
Water transport Roots Xylem Stomata Transpiration Cohesion & adhesion
Water transport Flaccid: Limp Water loss Plasmolysis: Cell membrane pulls away from cell wall Due to water loss
Water transport Turgid: Firm Water gain Healthier plant
Water transport Cell to cell (short distance) Diffusion Apolplast: Continuum formed by cell walls Symplast: Continuum formed by cytoplasm of cells Plasmodesmata: Connection between cytoplasm
Cell wall Cytosol Apoplastic route Symplastic route Transmembrane route Plasmodesma Plasma membrane Key Apoplast Symplast
Water transport Root hairs absorb water & minerals Diffuse into apoplast or symplast Pass through cortex Endodermis (inner lining of cortex) Casparian strip (waxy substance) Controls flow water/ions to xylem Forces flow to pass cell membrane
Casparian strip Plasma membrane Apoplastic route Symplastic route Root hair Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Vessels (xylem) Stele (vascular cylinder)
Xylem Movement based on bulk transport Transpiration: Negative pressure Root pressure: Positive pressure Upward push of water/ions in xylem Solar powered
Xylem Guttation: Loss of liquid through leaves Ends of leaves Increased root pressure
Stomata H 2 O loss CO 2 intake
Guard cells Opening & closing of the stomata Dependent on turgor pressure of guard cells Thicker inner cell layer Causes bowing of the cell when turgid Opens the stomata
Guard cells Active K + pump Increased K + in the guard cells Increase in H 2 O in the guard cells Turgid Stomata opens Decreased K + leads to decreased H 2 O Flaccid, stomata closes
Translocation of Phloem Sap in Spring
Translocation of Phloem Sap in Summer
Carbohydrate movement Phloem (sieve-tube) Moves from source to nearest sink Carbohydrates enter sieve-tube cells Active transport Companion cells & parenchyma cells provide the ATP
Phloem
Carbohydrate movement Water potential differences-created Water moves into the sieve-tube cells (osmosis) Increased turgor Moves carbohydrates to sink
Carbohydrate movement Carbohydrates removed Active transport Water moves out (osmosis) Water diffuses back to xylem Or lost in transpiration