Web Application Programming Presented by: Mehwish Shafiq

2 Introduction During this module you will edit and create web pages using XHTML. Enable students to create and manage web-based applications. Module focuses on Servers and Mechanisms to link web pages with DB.

3 At the end of this module students will be able to Design Interactive web pages. Design and build web sites. Develop interactive applications on web server. Immediately purchase: Castro (2003). HTML for the World Wide Web, 5th Edition, with XHTML and CSS: Visual QuickStart Guide. Peachpit Press. Goals To Achieve

4 Entities, To Cover Interactive Web Pages  ML Languages.  ML Features (Tables and Frames).  Browsers and their differences.  Java Scripts and Applets.

5 Entities, To Cover Web Sites  Specification.  Server Organization.  Security and Integrity. Interactive Applications  Server Side Interaction.  CGI or DB connectivity.  Web services

6 Interactive Web Pages Mark Up Languages  Web Page A webpage is a file that can be read by browser software. It is a text-based document created with mark up Languages such as HTML, XHTML and XML.

7 Mark Up Languages HTML  HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language has two essential features. Hypertext and universality.  Hypertext means that you can create a link in a web page to practically any other webpage on the web.  Universality means that because HTML documents are saved as Text Only files, virtually any computer can read a web page. Mac, PC, Unix.

8 Mark Up Languages-cont XML  Uses user defined tags and attributes to format data. To view these files need an XML Parser. XHTML  XHTML (eXtensible HTML) is the reformulation of HTML 4.0 and an application of XML. It is a bridge between HTML and XML. The elements (tags) and attributes are almost identical to HTML.

9 Mark Up Languages-cont SGML: Standard Generalized ML. VRML: Virtual Reality ML. WML: Wireless ML.

10 What is Markup Markup is the way you indicate how to change what your text will look like. Logical markup are the HTML tags that explain what the text is, such as the tags:  This is the heading tag.  This is the title tag.  This tag begins a table.

11 What is Markup-cont Visual markup are the HTML tags that determine how the data is to be displayed, such as:  This tag emphasizes the appearance of the text.  This tag makes the text bold.  This tag begins a series of style changes, such as color, size, font family.  This tag will center the text.

12 Y Require Standards? All web pages are written in HTML. Yet not all HTML is equal. Competition between IE and Netscape Navigator. In 1994, Netscape started the “browser wars”. Netscape developed a set of HTML ‘tags’ that could only be used with Netscape browsers. These tags made it possible for users to see color text, images, and other improvements. By 1996, Netscape had dominated the browser market. Microsoft soon released its own sets of tags that could only be understood by Internet Explorer browsers. HTML did not allow designers to plan page as they wanted. Designers had to battle with codes.

13 Y Require Standards?-cont The Web’s “United Nations” is an organization called the World Wide Web Consortium. Directed by the webs inventor, Tim Berners-Lee, its aim is to convince the web community of the importance of universality. And developed XHTML. Both Netscape and Microsoft are members of the W3C.

14 Standards Validation service ( validator.w3.org ) Checking a document’s syntax URL that specifies the location of the file Uploading a file to the site validator.w3.org/file-upload.html

15 W3C XHTML Validation Service

16 W3C XHTML Validation Service

17 End of Introduction Thank You