Do Now  Copy down your Learning Target on page  What do YOU think causes seasons?

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Seasons Take detailed Notes on page

Seasons A regular change in temperature that repeats itself every year

Words to know: Axis - imaginary line around which Earth spins, causing day and night, and that is drawn from the north geographic pole through Earth to the south geographic pole

Words to know: Rotation - spinning of Earth on its axis, which causes day and night; it takes 24 hours for Earth to complete one rotation

Words to know: Revolution - the motion of Earth around the Sun, which takes about 365 1/4 days, or one year, to complete

Words to know: Orbit - curved path followed by Earth as it moves around the Sun

The Earth’s Tilt The Earth's axis is tilted by 23.45°

As the Earth moves around the Sun, this axis stays always pointing in the same direction.

This means that, during part of the year, the northern part of the Earth will lean more directly to the sun, and during other parts of the year the southern part of the Earth will.

The Earth during one full year as you would see it if you looked straight at it from the Sun.

The part of the Earth that is directly facing the sun changes with the time of the year.

The northern half faces the sun for a while, then moves south of the equator, only to move back to the north again.

When the northern hemisphere is leaning away from the sun, the rays coming from it hit this part of the Earth at a smaller angle than on other parts of the world.

This means that the same amount of light is distributed over a larger surface, and so these places receive less heat than the others.

The southern hemisphere is experiencing Summer, the northern hemisphere has Winter.

In half a year, the situation reverses, and it is now Winter in the southern hemisphere since that part of the earth is now leaning away from the sun.

The energy that hits the Earth by the Sun changes over of the year. The angle the Sun is above the horizon determines how much heat and light strike each square meter of ground.

In the winter the Sun's energy is weakened because the Sun's ray strike the ground rather indirectly as compared to the summer months when the Sun's rays strike the ground more directly.

This means that the ground receives more energy (more heat) per square meter in the summer than in the winter. More energy is received by the ground during the summer (high temperatures) and less energy during the winter (lower temperatures).

So, seasons are caused the tilt of the Earth’s axis

Remember: The seasons are the result of this tilt of the Earth's axis. If the tilt of the Earth's axis was 0° there would be no difference in how the rays from the sun hit its different regions, and there would be no seasons.

The Earth's seasons are not caused by the differences in the distance from the Sun throughout the year.

The seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth's axis. I know this is a repeat, but it is important that you understand this idea. Many Americans, including Harvard graduates, do not know what causes seasons!

Discuss as a class Look closely at where the Sun is hitting the Earth during each season. What characteristics do you observe during each season?

Seasons Diagram, p. Write a description and shade in the Earth as you learn about each season. o The solstices mark the points at which the poles are tilted at their maximum toward or away from the sun. o The equinoxes occur when the Earth is between solstices, it is spring and fall o Day and night have almost same (equal) duration all over the planet

Summer Solstice June 20 or 21 N. hemisphere tilted toward the Sun –Sun at highest point (over Tropic of Cancer) –Longest day North Pole (24 hrs sunlight) South Pole (24 hrs darkness)

Autumnal Equinox September 22 or 23 N hemisphere is tilted neither towards nor away from the Sun –About 12 hours of sunlight

Winter Solstice December 21 or 22 N hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun –Sun at lowest point (over Tropic of Capricorn) –Shortest Day South Pole (24 hrs sunlight) North Pole (24 hrs darkness)

Vernal (Spring) Equinox March 20 or 21 N hemisphere is tilted neither towards nor away from the Sun –About 12 hours of sunlight

Summary Underneath your diagram, write 2-3 sentences summarizing the reason for seasons on Earth. Share out! Summer Solstice Vernal Equinox Autumnal Equinox Winter Solstice

Exit Ticket Write your name, date, period, title What is the reason for seasons? EXPLAIN HOW this results in spring, summer, fall and winter.