A Short Course for Human The 6 most important words “I admit I made a mistake” The 5 most important words “ You did a good job” The 4 most important words What is your opinion?”

The 3 most important words “If you please” The 2 most important words “Thank You” The least important word “I”

Resistor

Capacitors

Inductor

Transistor

Vacuum tube

5 POINT AGENDA What is electronics? How electronic components are categorized? Identify basic electronic components. What are the 7 basic logic gates. Identify the circuit symbol for each logic gate.

Fundamentals of Electronics

What is electronics? Electronics, field of engineering and applied physics dealing with the design and application of devices, usually electronic circuits, the operation of which depends on the flow of electrons for the generation, transmission, reception, and storage of information. The information can consist of voice or music (audio signals) in a radio receiver, a picture on a television screen, or numbers and other data in a computer.

Classification Components are classified into two categories— active or passive. Passive elements never supply more energy than they absorb; active elements can supply more energy than they absorb. Passive components include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Components considered active include batteries, generators, vacuum tubes, and transistors.

Resistors Resistors determine the flow of current in an electrical circuit. Where there is high resistance then the flow of current is small, where the resistance is low the flow of current is large

Resistors are used for regulating current and they resist the current flow and the extent to which they do this is measured in ohms ( Ω ). Resistors are found in almost every electronic circuit.

Resistors are too small to have numbers printed on them and so they are marked with a number of colored bands. Each color stands for a number. Three color bands shows the resistors value in ohms and the fourth shows tolerance. Resistors can never be made to a precise value and the tolerance band (the fourth band) tells us, using a percentage, how close the resistor is to its coded value.

Reading Rating of Resistors (a story) 0 B 1 B 2 R 3 O 4 Y 5 G 6 B 7 V 8 G 9 W + 5% G + 10%S + 20%N “Bad Boy Raped Our Young Girl But Vina Gave Willingly, Gracefully. So No Comment”

What are the resitance value of the above resistors? 1. Yellow, violet,black 2. Orange,orange brown 3. Brown, black, red 4. Green,blue, red, gold 5. Red,yellow,orange,gold 6. Blue, gray, yellow, silver 7. Red, yellow, orange, black, brown 8. Orange, black, black, brown, brown

1.47 ohms, 20% ohms, 20% 3. 1k, 20% 4.5,6kOhms, 5% 5. 24kOhms, 5% 6.680k, 10% ohms,1% 8.3 kOhms, 1%

Capacitors A capacitor is an electrical/electronic device that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors (called "plates").electricalelectronicenergyelectric fieldconductors Capacitors are often used in electrical circuit and electronic circuits as energy-storage devices. They can also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals. This property makes them useful in electronic filters.electrical circuitelectronicenergy-storagefrequency signals electronic filters Capacitors are occasionally referred to as condensers.

Polyester Film Capacitors BFM, BWF, BAM, BFF Series High Voltage Power Factor Capacitor Motor Running Capacitor Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Capacitors

Motor Running Capacitor Lighting CapacitorRailway CapacitorMotor Starting Capacitor

Capacitors

Capacitance Capacitance The amount of charge on either plate per unit difference in potential between the plates. It is expressed in a unit called farad, named in honor of Michael Faraday. C(farad) = Q(cuolombs) v (Volts)

Vacuum Tube In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), thermionic valve, tube, or valve is a device controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container. electronicsthermionicelectric current

Vacuum tubes are thus used for rectification, amplification, switch ing, or similar processing or creation of electrical signalsrectificationamplificationswitch ingsignals

A diode is a specialized electronic component with two electrodes called the anode and the cathode. Most diodes are made with semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, or selenium.semiconductor Diodes can be used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators.switch Diode A diode is specifically made to allow current to flow through it in only one direction.

1. Voltage regulation diode (Zener Diode) It is used to regulate voltage, by taking advantage of the fact that Zener diodes tend to stabilize at a certain voltage when that voltage is applied in the opposite direction. 2. Light Emitting Diode.This type of diode emits light when current flows through it in the forward direction. 3.Variable capacitance diode The current does not flow when applying the voltage of the opposite direction to the diode. In this condition, the diode has a capacitance like the capacitor. It is a very small capacitance. The capacitance of the diode changes when changing voltage. With the change of this capacitance, the frequency of the oscillator can be changed.

Rectification / Switching / Regulation Diode Light Emitting Diode

A transistor is a semiconductor device, commonly used as an amplifier or an electrically controlled switch. The transistor is the fundamental building block of the circuitry in computers, cellular phones, and all other modern electronics. Transistors

INDUCTOR An inductor (also choke, coil, or reactor) is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field. For comparison, a capacitor stores energy in an electric field, and a resistor does not store energy but rather dissipates energy as heat.chokecoilreactorpassivetwo-terminalelectrical componentenergymagnetic fieldcapacitorelectric fieldresistor Any conductor has inductance. An inductor is typically made of a wire or other conductor wound into a coil, to increase the magnetic field.inductancecoil

Integrated Circuit (IC) In electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.electronics electronic circuit semiconductor devicespassive components semiconductor

Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. Note the fine silver-colored wires that connect the integrated circuit to the pins of the package.

Short Quiz: Determine the nominal resistance values of these resistors, given their band colors, and also express the allowable tolerance in ohms. For example, a 25 kΩ resistor with a 10% tolerance rating would have an allowable tolerance of +/- 2.5 kΩ. 1. Red, Org, Blu, Gld 2. Brn, Blk, Grn, Sil 3. Blu, Blk, Brn, Gld 4. Yel, Vio, Red, Sil 5.Grn, Brn, Yel 6.Wht, Blu, Blk, Sil 7. Gry, Grn, Org, Gld 8. Org, Org, Gld 9.Vio, Red, Sil, Gld 10.Brn, Red, Blk, Sil

Answers: 1. Red, Org, Blu, Gld = 23 MΩ, +/ MΩ 2. Brn, Blk, Grn, Sil = 1 MΩ, +/- 100 kΩ 3. Blu, Blk, Brn, Gld = 600 Ω, +/- 30 Ω 4.Yel, Vio, Red, Sil = 4.7 kΩ, +/- 470 Ω 5. Grn, Brn, Yel = 510 kΩ, +/- 102 kΩ 6. Wht, Blu, Blk, Sil = 96 Ω, +/- 9.6 Ω 7. Gry, Grn, Org, Gld = 85 kΩ, +/ kΩ 8. Org, Org, Gld = 3.3 Ω, +/ Ω 9. Vio, Red, Sil, Gld = 0.72 Ω, +/ Ω 10. Brn, Red, Blk, Sil = 12 Ω, +/- 1.2 Ω

Short Quiz Determine whether or not the following resistors measure within the resistance range specified by their color codes: (Org, Org, Red, Blk, Blu) Measured resistance = Ω (Brn, Blk, Blk, Gld, Red) Measured resistance = 9.7 Ω (Blu, Vio, Brn, Red, Grn) Measured resistance = kΩ (Red, Wht, Grn, Yel, Vio) Measured resistance = MΩ (Yel, Vio, Org, Gld) Measured resistance = kΩ(Gry, Red, Brn, Sil) Measured resistance = 905 Ω (Grn, Blu, Gld) Measured resistance = 6.73 Ω (Vio, Brn, Red, Gld, Brn) Measured resistance = Ω (Wht, Org, Blu, Brn, Grn) Measured resistance = 9.38 kΩ (Red, Blk, Wht, Grn, Vio) Measured resistance = MΩ

(Org, Org, Red, Blk, Blu) Measured resistance = Ω Within tolerance (Brn, Blk, Blk, Gld, Red) Measured resistance = 9.7 Ω Out of tolerance! (Blu, Vio, Brn, Red, Grn) Measured resistance = kΩ Within tolerance (Red, Wht, Grn, Yel, Vio) Measured resistance = MΩ Within tolerance (Yel, Vio, Org, Gld) Measured resistance = kΩ Within tolerance (Gry, Red, Brn, Sil) Measured resistance = 905 Ω Out of tolerance! (Grn, Blu, Gld) Measured resistance = 6.73 Ω Out of tolerance! (Vio, Brn, Red, Gld, Brn) Measured resistance = Ω Within tolerance (Wht, Org, Blu, Brn, Grn) Measured resistance = 9.38 kΩ Within tolerance (Red, Blk, Wht, Grn, Vio) Measured resistance = MΩ Out of tolerance!