1. Resistance Natural feature of materials
Metals are good conductors and non metal are insulators
Voltage dependent resistors (VDR)
Temperature dependent resistors (NTC or PTC resistors)

2. Typical resistivity Material Resistivity Silver 1,64 E10-8 Nichrome
Copper
1,72E10-8
Silicon
2500
Aluminium
2,83E10-8
Paper
10E10
Iron
12,3E10-8
Mica
5E11
Constantan
49E10-8
Quarz
1E17

3. Rsistors in parallel and in series

4. Capacitors Component can store charge
How much capacitor can store charge
Capacitors ability to collect electrons
Capacitance
Voltage over the capacitor

5. Capacitors in parallel and in series

6. Different types of capacitors
Big electrolyte capacitors
Tantalum caoacitors
Signal conditioning capacitors made from plastic or ceramic

7. Aluminium electrolyte capacitors
Cylindrical shape and big size
They are polarized
Typical values 100 nF to 4700μF
Typical maximum voltage value 12V,16V, 32V, 64V
Made of long sheet of coated plastic film
Insulating material is non conducting liquid

8. Tantalum capacitors Low voltage devices Capacitance 1μF – 150μF
Stable capacitance and very low impedance in low frequencies
Dont like voltage spikes
Can be exploded if connected wrong way into the circuit

9. Plastic capacitors
Typical materials polystyrene, polyester, polypropylene or teflon
Capacitance 1 nF – 50μF

10. Ceramic and mica capacitors

11. Coils or Inductors
The DC current through a coil forms an electric magnet
Short circuit for DC, AC signal properties used in electronics
Series and parallel connections are calculated like resistors

12. Transformers
When two coils are put close to each otherby mutual inductance the energy is transferred from one coil to the other

13. RLC-circuits

14. Material type Conductrors (resistivity about 10E-7 Ωm) Insulators
Semi conductive materials (resistivity over 10E10Ωm)
Germanium was the first
Silicon has replace germanium
Compaund semiconductors (GaAs)
P-type semiconductors (holes are the majority carriers(
N-type semiconductors (electrons are the majority carriers)

15. Diodes P-type end is anode and n-type is cathode
Voltage over zener-diode does not depend on the current passing the component
Light emitting diodes (LED)

16. NPN and PNP transistors
Transistor is a current controlled current source
The transistor can be used as a switch or as an amplifier

17. Integrated circuits
Include many integrated components (divided by the amount of transistors)
SSI small (operational amplifiers, regulators)
MSI medium
LSI large scale (processors)
VLSI

18. Operational amplifiers
Used to amplify signals instead of transistor amplifiers
Filter circuits
Integrators
derivators

19. Inverting amplifier

20. Noninverting amplifier

21. Summing amplifier

22. Differential amplifier

23. Integrator

24. Derivator