Chapter 1 Living Organisms

How are living things alike? All organisms are made of cells! An organism is a living thing made up of a cell or cells. Our bodies are made up of more than one trillion cells!

How does it work? Cells Tissues Organs Systems

What is a life process? A life process is a function that living things must perform in order to stay alive. There are 6 life processes! 1. Getting energy and nutrients. 2. Using energy. 3. Reproducing. 4. Growing. 5. Getting rid of wastes. 6. Reacting to outside changes.

Getting energy and nutrients Nutrients are chemicals that living things need in order to stay alive! Different organisms get energy and nutrients in different ways.

Using energy The cells of organisms break down food material to release energy. Cells use this energy to do their work! If you cut yourself, blood cells will kill bacteria that may enter your body through your cut. The blood cells use energy to do their work!

Reproduce Reproduce is to make more of the same kind. Some single-celled organisms divide to reproduce. This keeps organisms alive!

Growing Cells use energy and nutrients to grow. One-celled organisms grow by dividing. Many-celled organisms grow by making new cells.

Getting rid of wastes As an organism’s cells do work, the cells make different kinds of waste. Some of these wastes are poison and need to be released in order to stay alive!

Reacting to outside changes Organisms need to react to the changes around them. This helps an organism stay alive and healthy!

Scientists use 3 features to classify… 1.Cell structure 2.How the organism gets energy and nutrients. 3.How the organism reproduces.

Plant vs. Animal Cells

5 Kingdoms Moneran Protist Fungus Plant Animal

Moneran Kingdom Take in nutrients from outside their bodies. Has no membrane around its nucleus. Examples: bacterium Cause diseases but also cure diseases Can turn milk into different kinds of cheese.

Protist Kingdom A protist is a one- or many-celled organism with a membrane around each nucleus. Protists use sunlight or eat food to get energy. All protists live in wet places. Example: seaweed

Fungus Kingdom Fungus is an organism that absorbs food from the surface it lives on. Examples: mold, mushrooms, yeast

Plant Kingdom Most plants grow in soil, but some grow in water, on rocks, and in other places. Most are green. Reproduce with seeds. Make their own food.

Animal Kingdom Many-celled organisms Must eat other organisms to stay alive. Reproduce from eggs.

Dividing Kingdoms into Smaller Groups KINGDOM GENUS (GENERAL) SPECIES (SPECIFIC) As each group gets smaller, the organisms have more in common!

Scientific Name A scientific name is a name made up of an organism’s genus and species name. Example: Panthera leo Panthera = genus Leo = species