Warm-up How does the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere affect the biosphere? How do members of the biosphere affect the geosphere? How do members of the biosphere affect the hydrosphere and atmosphere? Does the biosphere influence the other spheres more than the other spheres influence the biosphere? Explain your answer.

Scientific Method State the Problem or Question. Research/Collect Information Form a Hypothesis Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment” Accept or Reject your Hypothesis- “Analyze” Report your Results- “Conclusion”

Scientific Method State the Problem or Question State the problem to be solved or the question to be answered.

Scientific Method Research/Collect Information Obtain facts and ideas from books, journals, internet, etc. that provide insight regarding your problem/question. It is important to organize and cite these resources.

Scientific Method An observation is the description of an event by using any or all of the five senses. Qualitative – describes the observation Quantitative – measures the observation

Scientific Method An inference is a conclusion or judgment based on prior knowledge and observations but arrived at indirectly rather than directly.

Indicate whether the statement is an observation or an inference. The satellite photo shows dust and ash in the sky. The ash and dust came from a volcano. The rock is green in color. The stream flows at 5 ft/sec. The rock was formed in a shallow sea. The rock was formed under extreme heat and pressure. The mineral tastes salty. The meteorologists predicts rain for tomorrow.

T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/ Science Scramble Science Experiments T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P Can you unscramble all the words below? Hint: They are all related to science experiments. 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P 4. N O C U C L I N O S 5. L A Y S N A I S

1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P The answers are ... 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P 4. N O C U C L I N O S 5. L A Y S N A I S DATA HYPOTHESIS PROCEDURE CONCLUSION ANALYSIS

Scientific Method Form a Hypothesis Based on the information/research you collect, propose a solution or “best guess” that will help guide your experimentation and attempt to answer the proposed problem/question.

Scientific Method Hypothesis – educated guess or prediction based on observation that is testable.

Scientific Method Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment” Describe, design, and conduct an experiment that would give you information or data that supports (or not) your hypothesis.

Science Skills When you estimate, you make careful guesses When you need exact and careful information about an observation, you measure Measurements include both a number and a unit When you predict, you state what you think might happen in the future When you classify, you group things based on how they are alike

Experimental Design Experiment - organized procedure for testing a hypothesis Key Components: Control - standard for comparison Single variable - keep other factors constant Repeated trials - for reliability

Experimental Design Types of Variables Independent Variable adjusted by the experimenter what you vary Dependent Variable changes in response to the indep. variable what you measure

Scientific Method Accept or Reject Your Hypothesis- “Analyze” Determine whether your data/results from experiment supports (or not) your hypothesis; if not, it may be necessary to review your information/research and revise your hypothesis.

Scientific Method Report Your Results- “Conclusion” Formulate a conclusion that answers the original question from step one and share the results with the scientific community (or the community at large). Explains observations and accept or reject hypothesis.

Scientific Method Theory - explanation of “why” well tested and widely accepted most logical explanation of scientific observations Scientific Law - prediction of “what” describes a pattern in nature

THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! Scientific Method Theories and laws are well-accepted by scientists, but... THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! They are revised when new information is discovered.