Schedules of Reinforcement Chapter 6 Learning and Behavior (Chance)

Chapter Questions What is a schedule of reinforcement? What are the four basic kinds of intermittent schedules? What sort of reinforcement schedule would make behavior most persistent? What is “stretching the ratio,” and how do you do it? What do you call a schedule in which a behavior is never reinforced? What is a multiple schedule? What is the matching law, and what does it have to do with making choices? Why are reinforcement schedules important?

Today’s Guiding Questions What is a schedule of reinforcement? What are the four basic intermittent schedules? What is “stretching the ratio,” and how do you do it? What sort of reinforcement schedule would make behavior most persistent? Why are reinforcement schedules important? What is the matching law?

What is a schedule of reinforcement? Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

4 Simple Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedules

Variable Ratio (VR) Schedules

Fixed Interval (FI) Schedules

Variable Interval (VI) Schedules

Other Simple Schedules Fixed duration (FD) schedule Variable duration (VD) schedule Differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) Differential reinforcement of high rate (DHL) Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) Fixed time (FT) schedule Variable time (VT) schedule

Complex Schedules Multiple schedule Mixed schedule Chain schedule Tandem schedule Cooperative schedule Concurrent schedule

Extinction

Why are some behaviors more resistant to extinction? Partial reinforcement effect (PRE)

Why does the PRE exist? According to the discrimination hypothesis…

According to the frustration hypothesis…

According to the sequential hypothesis…

According to the response unit hypothesis…

What is the matching law?