Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice A crime is an act that violates the rules of society, or the law

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice There are three levels of crime: felonies misdemeanors infractions

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice A felony is a major crime. It is punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both. Examples of felonies are murder, kidnapping, and aggravated assault.

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice A misdemeanor is a less serious crime. It is punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both, but not as severely as a felony. Minor theft, driving without a license, and simple assault are misdemeanors.

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice An infraction is a minor offense. It is punishable by a fine, but not imprisonment. Speeding and jaywalking are infractions.

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice A crime requires two elements: the criminal act the required state of mind (intent) –Murder = Intent –Involuntary Manslaughter = Negligence To prove a crime occurred does not require proving a motive. Criminal Act State of mind

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice Defenses to committing a crime include: Insanity (don’t go free) –Cannot have a mental disease that prevents them from knowing difference between right and wrong –Impulse test entrapment self-defense (self, not property or pets) –Make My Day Law defense of family members

Section 2.1 Crimes and Criminal Justice Entrapment is when a person is tricked by a police officer into committing a crime.

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes can be categorized into crimes against: people business society property government

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes against people include: murder assault kidnapping domestic violence* manslaughter battery sexual offenses

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Murder is the intentional killing of another person. Manslaughter is killing another person without malice or premeditation. - Voluntary or involuntary - Negligence (Driving, Malpractice)

Assault –An attempt to commit battery (do not have to touch someone) –Simple Assault = Misdemeanor Battery –Unlawful touching of another person –Simple Battery = Misdemeanor Aggravated Battery –Committed with a deadly weapon or with intent to commit murder, rape or robbery

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Domestic violence laws protect children, spouses, and other family members from neglect, physical abuse, or mental abuse by other family members. - In CO, an arrest MUST be made if domestic violence is alleged by anyone calling 911 (even if there is no physical evidence)

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes against property include: burglary robbery larceny vandalism

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Larceny is taking property without intending to return it. (Car, ipod, pick-pocketing) Burglary is breaking into a house to take property. (Breaking and entering into personal property or unauthorized entry into a building) Robbery is taking property through violence or the threat of violence. *It is also a crime to receive stolen property

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Vandalism is malicious damage to property. Also called malicious mischief or criminal damage. *Does not have to be the one who actually does the damage to be found guilty

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes against business include: embezzlement fraud arson shoplifting money laundering forgery Also called “white collar crimes”

Embezzlement –Taking property that was entrusted to a person –Example: If the FBLA advisor charged $25 for dues but only deposited $20 Shoplifting –Stealing from a store

Criminal Fraud –Deception or false pretenses to obtain money or property Identity fraud Writing bad checks Money laundering –Moving money that was obtained illegally through legal businesses (to make it appear as if it were obtained legally) –Hotels, restaurants

Arson –Willful burning of a building (To collect insurance) Forgery –False signature with intent to deprive person if his/her property –Felony offense

Extortion (Blackmail) –Getting someone’s property with someone’s consent through threat

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes against the government include: treason bribery obstruction of justice perjury contempt of court

Treason –Waging war against the United States or giving aid and comfort to enemies of the U.S. Bribery –Giving money in exchange for a favor –Against the law to pay a bribe, offer a bribe, or accept a bribe –Against the law to ask for a bribe when none has been offered

Perjury –Lying under oath Obstruction of Justice –Hindering the ability of the court to move forward Contempt of Court –Showing lack of respect for the integrity of the court

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Crimes against society include: disorderly conductrioting

Section 2.2 Types of Crimes Another category of crimes is motor vehicle violations. This includes: drag racing joyriding