Animal and Plant Cells

Cell Theory States that: – All living things are made up of one or more cells – The cell is the smallest unit of life – All cells come from other cells- they do not come from non-living matter

Cells are Alive! All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive  use energy store materials bring materials in from environment get rid of waste move substances to where they are needed reproduce

Cells There are 2 major types of cells: – Animal – Plant

Organelles “little organs” Cells have specialized parts that carry out specific functions they all work together – Some are found ONLY in animal or ONLY in plant cells

Lysosomes Contain enzymes that can break down molecules (ex. food brought in from outside cell or bacteria/viruses) They are like a garbage dump for the cell

Cytoplasm/ Cytosol Aqueous (water-based) solution inside the cell Organelles are suspended in here

Cell Membrane A thin, double layered film that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment Supports the cell and controls movement in and out of the cell (‘semi permeable’)

Nucleus “control centre”- directs all cell’s activities Contains the cell’s DNA (genetic information) on chromosomes

Mitochondria Produce energy for the cell via cellular respiration Have an inner and outer membrane Cells that require lots of energy (ex. muscle cells) will have more mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) System of tubes and canals around the nucleus Transport materials (ex. proteins and lipids through cell)

Ribosomes tiny, spherical balls that make cell’s proteins Located in the cytoplasm but also attached to the rough ER

Golgi Apparatus Several tubes- looks like a stack of flattened balloons Packages materials to be removed from cell Secretes mucus

Vesicle Membrane-covered sacs that transport/store materials in the cell. Also help waste exit the cell

Vacuoles Membrane bound sacs filled with a watery solution In plant cells: – Much larger – Pressure against cell membrane push it firmly against the cell wall- turgor pressure

Cell Wall Plant cells only Tough, rigid layer that surround cell- made of cellulose Provides support and structure

Chloroplasts Contains all the chemicals (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis Have an inner and outer membrane Looks like a stack of pancakes

Animal vs. Plant ANIMALPLANT LysosomesNo lysosomes Small vacuolesLarge vacuoles No cell wallCell wall No chloroplastsChloroplasts Rounded shapeBrick shaped

Lysosome vacuole Ribosome Nucleolus

Rough ER Ribosomes Smooth ER Lysosome

Cell Diffusion for Growth materials must pass through the cell membrane to get in and out of the cell Diffusion – Chemicals move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Why Diffusion? How chemicals move from organelle to organelle How oxygen gets delivered to your organs. How nerve cells communicate to each other

Cell Diffusion for Growth Osmosis – Diffusion of water across the semi-permeable membrane dues to concentration differences – water moves toward the most concentrated, away from the most dilute

Purple circles = molecule