Causes of Stroke 80%Infarction 60%Cerebrovascularatherosclerosis20% Penetrating artery disease (lacunes) 15% Cardiogenic embolism 5%Other,unusualcausesHemorrhage - Intracerebral - Intracerebral - Subarachnoid - Subarachnoid20%
Lacunar Stroke
Types of CNS Hemorrhage Arteriovenous malformation
Summary Diagram of Causes of Stroke
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Predisposes to Stroke
Physical –Right hemiplegia Cognitive –Aphasia, agraphia, alexia, ataxia, memory impairments –Confabulation, attentional deficits Emotional –Lability, low tolerance, depression (more common with right CVA) Assisting the Patient with a Left CVA –Speak slowly! Learn to recognize nonverbal cues from the patient –Let patient learn through imitation Left CVA
Right CVA u Physical u left hemiplegia u Cognitive u Difficulty with time and space, increased perceptual problems, decreased ability to recognize faces, decreases mathematical and reasoning skills u Decreased eye-hand coordination u Emotional u Lability, low tolerance, depression, denial u Assisting the Patient with a Left CVA u Emphasize verbal cues, use visual fields appropriately, keep everything related to safety on the right!!!!! u Decrease stimuli, break tasks into small steps
Lee, CD, AR Folsom, and SN Blair. Physical activity and stroke risk: A meta-analysis. Stroke 34: , LOW vs. HIGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STROKE RISK
Wendle-Vos et al. International Journal of Epidemiology 33: , RELATIVE RISK: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STROKE
Potempa et al. Stroke 26: , PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY
Potempa et al. Stroke 26: , BLOOD PRESSURE
Potempa et al. Stroke 26: , EXERCISE BLOOD PRESSURES
Rimmer, JH., et al. Medicine and Exercise in Sports and Exercise 32: , PHYSICAL WORK CAPACITY
Rimmer, JH., et al. Medicine and Exercise in Sports and Exercise 32: , SRENGTH
Rimmer, JH., et al. Medicine and Exercise in Sports and Exercise 32: , FLEXIBILITY
Macko, R.F., et al Stroke 28: , EFFICIENCY OF MOVEMENT