ASTRONOMY AND THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE. ANCIENT ASTRONOMY Human Survival  Predict when to plant crops Indian ruins line up with Summer and winter.

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Presentation transcript:

ASTRONOMY AND THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE

ANCIENT ASTRONOMY Human Survival  Predict when to plant crops Indian ruins line up with Summer and winter solstice and spring /fall equinoxes  Read the stars to navigate ocean

OMENS 1054 AD Chinese see Supernova explosion (remnants are still detectable today)

GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSE – EARTH CENTERED Aristotle Greek philosopher’s ( AD) Objects moved around the earth in a perfect circle Didn’t explain 1. varying planet brightness 2. Retrograde motion (apparent backwards motion )

HELIOCENTRIC MODEL (SUN-CENTERED UNIVERSE Nicholas Copernicus ( )  Earth spins on its axis and orbits the sun, only moon orbits earth  Explains daily light dark and seasonal changes as well as retrograde motion and planet brightness Johannes Kepler ( ) and Tycho Brahe ( ) Kepler used Brahe’s and Copernicus’s observations to create mathematical models that described the orbits of the planets and their distance from the sun.

MODERN ASTONOMY Galileo Galilei ( ) 1. First to use telescope to see A. Sunspots that moved across the sun showing sun’s rotation B. Jupiter’s 4 main moons, showing moons revolved around something other than Earth C. Phases of Venus

MODERN ASTRONOMY Isaac Newton ( ) Born the day Galileo died Laws of Motion described how and why planets moved the way they did 1. !st Law Inertia 2. 2 nd Law F= ma 3. 3 rd Law: For one force there is an equal and opposite force.

THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE Edwin Hubble ( ) The Hubble Expansion Law In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced that almost all galaxies appeared to be moving away from us. This phenomenon was observed as a redshift of a galaxy's spectrum. This redshift appeared to have a larger displacement for faint, presumably further, galaxies. Hence, the farther a galaxy, the faster it is receding from Earth.