Stefan Falke and Rudolf Husar Center for Air Pollution Impact and Trend Analysis Washington University in St. Louis A NSF Digital Government Pilot Project July 2003-June 2004 d.go 2003 Demonstration Progress to Date An Integrated Fire, Smoke and Air Quality Network

Background The US Environmental Protection Agency and US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service are partnering agencies in this pilot project The management of fire, smoke, and air quality is tasked to multiple agencies at federal, state, and local levels. The diversity in data collection methods, data reporting requirements, data formatting schemes, data analysis methods, and data presentation create a daunting challenge for the integration of these data. However, integration of these heterogeneous datasets is precisely what is called for by federal and regional organizations in order to derive a more comprehensive understanding of fire, smoke, and air quality. This demonstration presents progress to date on a pilot project that is developing a web network of data and tools to meet the needs of fire managers and air quality planners.

Objectives The pilot will demonstrate: uniform access to and cataloging of distributed fire related data and tools easy-to-use interfaces for exploring fire related resources powerful tools that contribute to fire related data analysis and modeling a framework that encourages community-wide contributions The fire, smoke, and air quality network will consist of web-based data access and analysis facilities that are flexible and adaptive in meeting the diverse end use requirements of wildland and prescribed fire managers and air quality planners.

Data and Tools Fire location, size, fuel type, acres burned Emissions factors Emissions inventories Air pollutant concentrations Populated areas

Distributed Network of Fire-related Resources Allows organizations to exchange data and tools with minimal burden or modification of their existing systems Allows new applications to be built based on integrated data ftp, http text files OGC- compliant servers Relational databases User Interfaces to: Data Wrappers Data Catalog Data Query Data Display Data Processing Data Analysis

Distributed Voyager (dVoy) The fire, smoke and air quality network uses the “Distributed Voyager” system architecture developed at Washington University. Distributed Voyager is a spatial and temporal data exploration software application accessible through a web browser that supports: Interoperability: Platform and language independence; based on Web Services (XML,SVG,OGC) Legacy Support: Encapsulating existing data and exposing them as Web Services. (Access to standard HTTP/FTP servers)

dVoy Spatio-Temporal Data Browser Render Spatial Slice Find/Bind Data Data Cube Time Slice Time Portrayal Spatial PortrayalSpatial Overlay Time Overlay OGC-Compliant GIS Services Time-Series Services PortrayOverlay Homogenizer Catalog Wrapper Mediator Client Browser Cursor/Controller Maintain Data Vector GIS Data XDim Data SQL Table OLAP Satellite Images Data Sources dVoy queries yield slices along the spatial, temporal and parameter dimensions of multidimensional data cubes.

The Voyager program consists of a stable core and adoptive input/output section The core executes the data selection, access portrayal tasks The adoptive, abstract I/O layer connects the core to evolving web data, flexible displays and to the a configurable user interface: –Wrappers encapsulate the heterogeneous external data sources and homogenize the access –Device Drivers translate generic, abstract graphic objects to specific devices and formats –Ports expose the internal parameters of Voyager to external controls Data Sources Controls Displays Voyager Core Data Selection Data Access Data Portrayal Adoptive Abstract I/O Layer Device Drivers Ports Wrapper s Voyager: The Program

User Interface Components Catalog: User selects among distributed ‘wrapped’ data Map View: Displays Selected Data Control Panel: Provides user with facilities to customize display Time View: Displays Selected Data

August 2000 Idaho Fires In early August, energy release component (ERC) data from the Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS) indicates a high potential for large fires in central Idaho WFAS Fire Weather data is accessed directly from tables available on their website ( SeaWiFS image is processed and made available through the CAPITA Server

August 2000 Idaho Fires By August 19, a large smoke plume is visible in the SeaWiFS satellite image. Fire locations (red dots) are derived from satellite observations Particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) monitoring data maintained on a Colorado State SQL database indicate high concentrations downwind of fires. The time series of PM 2.5 concentrations at a monitor in the path of the smoke plume illustrates the large increase in PM 2.5 concentrations. The map and time views are linked so that changing the focus in one automatically updates the other. For example, clicking on a PM2.5 monitor in the map displays the time series at that monitor.

August 2000 Idaho Fires August 2000 Summary BLM Fire History data is accessed from the BLM web service ( Fire location data is accessed from the European Space Agency(shark1.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE) Yellow circles are proportional to the number of acres burned at fires observed in the field. A customized query retrieved the August fire history data. Overlaying satellite derived fire locations enables comparison with field observations.

Features for Fire Managers Export Data for offline processing (input to emissions or air quality models) Import ‘local hard drive’ data into web application for quick view Customizable interface configuration Save session settings for later reuse Custom Queries Calculation of summary statistics Map algebra (summation of wildfire and prescribed fire emissions to calculate total fire emissions) Custom functionality

Satellite Imagery Node We will collaborate with The Center for Earth Observing and Space Research within the School of Computational Sciences at George Mason University (GMU) in establishing of a satellite data network node. Potential fire products to be available through the GMU node include short- term fire potential danger mapping, long-term large fire number and burned area images, fire pixel map images, and point fire pixel values. The GMU network node will serve as an example case that other organizations can follow in order to simply “plug-in” to the network.