CHAPTER 1 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING THINGS

VOCABULARY TERMS 1. ELEMENTS MADE UP OF ONE KIND OF ATOM MAKE UP THE PERIODIC TABLE 97% OF ORGANISM COMPOSITION ARE MADE UP OF CHNOPS (CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR) 2. ATOM NUCLEUS WITH PROTONS (+) AND NEUTRONS ELECTRONS (-) ORBIT THE NUCLEUS—>ELECTRON CLOUD # OF PROTONS = # OF ELECTRONS (ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL)

VOCABULARY TERMS 3. ATOMIC NUMBER NUMBER OF PROTONS 4. ATOMIC MASS NUMBER OF PROTONS + NUMBER OF NEUTRONS 5. ISOTOPES ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT DIFFER IN THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS. THOSE WITH UNSTABLE NUCLEI (RADIOISOTOPES)

CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES 1. 1.CHEMICAL EQUATIONS REACTANTS YIELD PRODUCTS SUCH AS 2H2 + O2  2H2O THIS SHOWS 2 TYPES OF ATOMS AND 3 TYPES OF MOLECULES REACTIONS INVOLVE THE MAKING AND BREAKING OF CHEMICAL BONDS ACTIVATION ENERGY IS THE ENERGY NEEDED TO START A REACTION

Hindenburg Disaster Real Footage Hindenburg Disaster Real Footage

CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES 2. CHEMICAL BONDING FORMS MOLECULES OR COMPOUNDS BETWEEN ELEMENTS A. COVALENT BONDING B. IONIC BONDING

CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES A. COVALENT BONDING INVOLVES THE SHARING OF ELECTRONS 1. NONPOLAR COVALENT ELECTRONS ARE SHARED EQUALLY (HYDROGEN  H2) 2. POLAR COVALENT ELECTRONS ARE NOT SHARED EQUALLY (WATER  H2O) 3. HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN A HYDROGEN (H+) ATOM AND A REGION OF (-) CHARGE IN ANOTHER ATOM SUCH AS IN THE DNA MOLECULE AND BETWEEN WATER MOLECULES

CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES B. IONIC BONDING INVOLVES A TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS AN ION IS A CHARGED ATOM THAT IS (+) OR (-)

CHAPTER 1 TEST FORMAT 30 TOTAL POINTS 20 MULTIPLE CHOICE 5 FILL-INS 2 SHORT ANSWER  SEE HW QUESTIONS (2 POINTS EACH) ONE BONUS QUESTION (WORTH 2 POINTS) WHAT TO REVIEW  NOTES, BOOK P.24-32, HW QUES, (2) STUDY GUIDES

CHAPTER 1 TEST STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS 1. 1.A 2. 2.B 3. 3.A 4. 4.C 5. 5.C 6. 6.C 7. 7.D 8. 8.C 9. 9.D A C D C B B