Bellwork: 10/15 1.Get out your homework to turn in to me 2.Title a separate sheet of paper “DNA practice” and number it Make sure your name is on it 3.With any extra time work on your DNA one pager. I’m hoping to give you time to finish it in class today.

Agenda 1.In partners (without notes) answer as many questions that are posted around the room as possible before the timer rings 2.We’ll trade and grade for a treat to the winners 3.Finish our DNA one page

1. What would the complementary strand of the DNA molecule shown below look like?

T A A G C C C T A T A A

2. Scientists compared the DNA in four mammals shown to the right. Based on the table, which two mammals are most closely related to each other? MammalDNA Sequence 1TCTCAACTACAA 2TCTCAGCTGCAA 3ACTCAGCTACAA 4TCTCAGCTGCAG

2. Scientists compared the DNA in four mammals shown to the right. Based on the table, which two mammals are most closely related to each other? MammalDNA Sequence 1TCTCAACTACAA 2TCTCAGCTGCAA 3ACTCAGCTACAA 4TCTCAGCTGCAG

3.-4. In a sample of double- stranded DNA, 30% of the nitrogenous bases are thymine. What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are adenine? What percentage are guanine (in the same sample)?

If 30% is Thymine then 30% must be Adenine (base pairing rule). The total percent of A and T would equal 60% (30% A + 30% T = 60%) That leaves 40% total for C and G. We know they have to be equal so we split 40% in half (base pairing rule). The percentage for C must be 20% and the percentage for G therefore must be 20%.

5. A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances? A.adenine, guanine, and cytosine B.hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine C.ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine D.deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

5. A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances? A.adenine, guanine, and cytosine B.hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine C.ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine D.deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

6. Which of the following statements describes each new molecule of DNA produced when DNA replicates? A. Each new molecule is half the length of the original molecule. B.Each new molecule has only the coding portions of the original molecule in its sequence. C.Each new molecule contains one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand. D.Each new molecule retains the A, C, and G bases in the DNA sequence but replaces the T base with U

6. Which of the following statements describes each new molecule of DNA produced when DNA replicates? A. Each new molecule is half the length of the original molecule. B.Each new molecule has only the coding portions of the original molecule in its sequence. C.Each new molecule contains one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand. D.Each new molecule retains the A, C, and G bases in the DNA sequence but replaces the T base with U

7-9. Identify the part of DNA indicated by the arrow C

9 87 C Deoxyribose Sugar Hydrogen Bonds Nitrogenous Base

10. For each statement below, indicate the biomolecule that is being described. (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid) A. Store and transmit genetic information B.Main component of the cell membrane C.Speeding up biochemical reactions (catalyst) D.Polysaccharide broken down for energy

10. For each statement below, indicate the biomolecule that is being described. (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid) A. Store and transmit genetic information (Nucleic Acid) B.Main component of the cell membrane (Lipid) C.Speeding up biochemical reactions (catalyst) (Protein/enzyme) D.Polysaccharide broken down for energy (Carbohydrate)

11. Which of the following models most accurately represents the structure of DNA? Explain why. A B C D

A B C D Sugar Phosphate Backbone, Antiparallel. Bases properly paired in the middle Incorrect: bases on outside Incorrect: Single strand instead of double Incorrect: shows two phosphates instead of one in backbone.

Identify the structure indicated by the arrows below

Identify the structure indicated by the arrows below Sugar Phosphate Backbone Nucleotide Nitrogenous Bases

15. Copy and complete the chart below MonomerPolymer Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Protein Nucleotide

15. Copy and complete the chart below MonomerPolymer MonosaccharideCarbohydrate Fatty AcidLipid Amino AcidProtein NucleotideNucleic Acid

16. What information about DNA was discovered from the picture below?

This famous picture from Rosalind Franklin was the important because it gave the first real evidence for the double helix STRUCTURE of DNA

17. The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. What is the optimum pH for this enzyme to function in?

Optimum means “best”. The Enzyme works “best” at a pH of 6.6

18. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. A.Enzymes are recycled after each use, and can be used over and over again. B.Enzymes reduce the activation energy required for chemical reactions. C.Enzymes fit with multiple types of substrates. D.Enzymes are specific and fit with only one type of substrate.

18. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. A.Enzymes are recycled after each use, and can be used over and over again. T B.Enzymes reduce the activation energy required for chemical reactions. T C.Enzymes fit with multiple types of substrates. F D.Enzymes are specific and fit with only one type of substrate. T

19. Explain what biological process is occurring in the picture below.

This is a picture of the DNA replication process

20. A ring is analogous to a carbohydrate, just as a twisted ladder is analogous to ________.

20. A ring is analogous to a carbohydrate, just as a twisted ladder is analogous to _DNA_______. *Analogous means “similar to”

21. Describe the function of both helicase and DNA polymerase as enzymes in DNA replication.

Helicase: unzips the double helix structure of DNA DNA Polymerase: assembles the new complementary strand onto the original strand

22. Why is DNA referred to as the common genetic code? **Hint: What information is carried in the DNA molecule?**

All living things have DNA and the exact same four Nitrogenous Bases (ATCG). The sequence of the bases determines the “code” for that organism.

23. Which of the following features in DNA is most important in determining the traits of an organism? A.the direction of the helical twist B.the number of deoxyribose sugars C.the sequence of nitrogenous bases D.the strength of the hydrogen bonds

23. Which of the following features in DNA is most important in determining the traits of an organism? A.the direction of the helical twist B.the number of deoxyribose sugars C.the sequence of nitrogenous bases D.the strength of the hydrogen bonds

24. The statements below describe the function of an enzyme in the body. Which statement is true? A. The enzyme increases the amount of time the light is visible. B.The enzyme decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. C.The enzyme increases the number of sites on the substrate that must bind to oxygen. D.The enzyme decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body.

24. The statements below describe the function of an enzyme in the body. Which statement is true? A. The enzyme increases the amount of time the light is visible. B.The enzyme decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. C.The enzyme increases the number of sites on the substrate that must bind to oxygen. D.The enzyme decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body.

25. Enzymes usually end in the letters _____, while carbohydrates usually end in the letters _____.

25. Enzymes usually end in the letters _ase_, while carbohydrates usually end in the letters _ose_.

DNA One pager must include: Title and symbolic border. Color must be used in a way that communicates your understanding of DNA. An illustrated diagram of the structure of DNA An illustrated diagram of the steps of DNA replication 3 complete and correct sentences that use the vocabulary words below. They must “win” tic-tac-toe ReplicationHydrogen bondsDouble helix NucleotideDNACommon genetic code Semi-conservativeComplementary base pair helicase