Fritz Haber 1868 - 1934 1918 Nobel prize “synthesized ammonia from its elements”

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Section M Nitrogen metabolism

Advertisements

University of Palestine Faculty of Engineering Environmental Sciences Course.

Chapter 14 (Part 1) Electron transport. Chemiosmotic Theory Electron Transport: Electrons carried by reduced coenzymes are passed through a chain of.

Chapter 17 (Part 1) Amino Acid Metabolism: Nitrogen Assimilation and Amino Acid Biosynthesis.

Biosynthesis Also known as anabolism Construction of complex molecules from simple precursors Energy derived from catabolism used in biosynthesis.

Chapter 17 - Amino Acid Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism Copyright  2013 Pearson Canada Inc

Biochemistry 2/e - Garrett & Grisham Copyright © 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company Chapter 26 Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism to accompany.

Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen cycle is the movement of nitrogen through different environmental segments.

Nitrogen.  Occurrence: 1. ~ 80% atmosphere 2. NaNO 3 salpeter 3. Living: 1,4% (human body)

Enzyme catalyzing Nitrogen Fixation in Bacteria Root nodules on legumes.

NITROGEN METABOLISM FIXATION Submited by- Anjali Rai MSc (P) Biotechnology MSc (P) Biotechnology.

Assimilation of mineral nutrients (Chapter 12) Incorporation of inorganic forms of essential elements into organic compounds necessary for growth and development.

What to Know (protease lecture) Know the general mechanism of serine proteases – what imparts specificity? – how is the substrate stabilized? – how is.

Nitrogen, why is it so important? NameSymbolPercent by Volume Nitrogen N2N % Oxygen O2O % Argon Ar % Carbon Dioxide CO

Applications of Biotechnological Processes Enhancing Nitrogen Fixing.

Hydrogen Production by Cyanobacteria Dr. Teresa Thiel University of Missouri – St. Louis.

Group 2: CHUAY JIE QI OW CHOON LIN FITRI HIDAYAH AKMAL Production of Bio-hydrogen by Microorganism.

Overview of Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle operates under aerobic conditions only The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO.

ASSIMILATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION: THE INCORPORATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. ASSIMILATION OF SOME NUTRIENTS—PARTICULARLY.

Bacterial Physiology (Micr430) Lecture 6 Lipids and Nitrogen Metabolism (Text Chapters: 9, 12) IN CASE OF EMERGENCY WHEN I CANNOT UPLOAD SLIDES, PLEASE.

Carbon in the form of CO 2, HCO 3 - and CO 3 -2, are oxidized forms of C, and tend to be the only forms present where O 2 is plentiful. In anoxic environments.

Extra credit Extra credit 1 – ionic radii trends Extra credit 2 – solving MIMT single crystal structures Work on these must be completed individually.

Amino Acid Metabolism 1: Nitrogen fixation and assimilation, amino acid degradation, the urea cycle Bioc 460 Spring Lecture 38 (Miesfeld) Urea is.

Lecture 18 The Ocean Nitrogen Cycle Denitrification Reactions Distributions Nitrogen Fixation Reactions Distributions.

Skotomorphogenesis Seed germination Genes and enzymes Embryo and Seed development Photomorphogenesis Photoreceptors Phytochrome Cells and cell growth Phytochrome:

Nitrogen Metabolism 1. Nitrogen Fixation 2. Amino Acid Biosynthesis.

Plants and nitrogen Plants need nitrogen to grow. It’s present in DNA, RNA, the amino acids that make up proteins, ATP, chlorophyll and most vitamins.

Toby Sandblom, Andrew Ward, and Rachel Clarkson Nitrogen Cycle.

Non-metalic Elements.

Chapter 22 Biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotide 1. Source of nitrogen. 2. Source of carbon. 3. De novo and salvage pathways. 4. Ways to balance the.

Introduction: biosynthesis. The combined processes whereby the major constituents of the bacterial cell are synthesized is called biosynthesis. In the.

Role of microorganisms in the cycling of elements

The following slides are provided by Dr. Vincent O’Flaherty.

Photosynthesis Conversion of light energy from the sun into stored chemical energy in the form of glucose and other organic molecules.

Assimilation and fixation of nitrogen

Nitrogen Fixation by Cyanobacteria

Nitrogen cycles Nitrate/nitrite Reductase Ammonia monooxygenase Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase.

What Are and what do they do??? Survive without food?

Transcriptional responses of a hot spring microbial mat to nutrient additions Space Grant Consortium Research Symposium Zureyma Martinez, ASU/NASA Space.

PROTEIN METABOLISM: NITROGEN CYCLE; DIGESTION OF PROTEINS Red meat is an important dietary source of protein nitrogen.

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation Dr. Sooad Al-Daihan Biochemistry department.

Nitrogen Cycles. All life requires nitrogen compounds to form proteins and nucleic acids. Air is major reservoir of nitrogen (~ 78%). Even though air.

Chapter 22 Biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and related molecules 1. Reduction (fixation) of N 2 into ammonia (NH 3 or NH 4 + ) 2. Synthesis.

Figure 4.4 The Nitrogen Cycle. While N 2 is the ultimate source and sink of biospheric nitrogen, several oxidized and reduced forms occur in the environment.

What is Nitrogen?  Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.  Nitrogen in the atmosphere it is mostly in the form of ______, which is a compound.

Stop! What is a cycle? Discuss A series of events that repeat, with no beginning or end. Stop! Why is Nitrogen important to us? Nitrogen makes up the proteins.

Slide 2/18 Schedule Lecture 4: Re-cap Lecture 5:  -Acceptor Ligands and Biology CO and O 2 complexes Lecture 6: N 2 and NO complexes, M-M bonds More.

Nitrogen Cycle Oxidation states Why so important? Next to C cycle..

By Clara Martín, Emilio Papastergiou, Mariona Martínez, Olivia Doyhambehere and Sandro Iossa 10/10/2011 9A Biology.

BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES. The movement of materials through the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) parts of an ecosystem BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES.

Calvin Cycle. This was discovered by Melvin Calvin and associates for which he won the Nobel Prize in Also known as the Dark Reactions or the Light-Independent.

1. What is Nitrogen?  N makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.  N in the atmosphere it is mostly in the form of ______, which is a compound that plants.

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nitrogen Cycle Describe the role of decomposers in the decomposition of organic material. Describe how microorganisms recycle nitrogen within ecosystems.

NITROGEN METABOLISM IN PLANTS. Importance of Nitrogen It is the polymeric nitrogen containing compounds proteins and nucleic acids that define the major.

4. NITROGEN FIXATION.

Nitrogen Fixation Our goal is to learn how N2 an inert gas, becomes part of the structure of organic molecules Secondly, to study the function of nitrogen.

MBG304 Biochemistry Lecture 9: Amino acid metabolism

Nitrogen Fixation.

-NITRATE ASSIMILATION-

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.

Oxidative Phosphorylation Via the Electron Transport Chain

Simulation of oxygen and substrate demands for ammonia detoxification.

Nitrogen cycle.

February 12, 2002 Chapter 26 Nitrogen Acquisition

Lecture 5: p-Acceptor Ligands and Biology CO and O2 complexes

Presentation transcript:

Fritz Haber 1868 - 1934 1918 Nobel prize “synthesized ammonia from its elements”

Annual Global N-fixation Data from various sources, compiled by DF Bezdicek & AC Kennedy, in Microorganisms in Action (eds. JM Lynch & JE Hobbie). Blackwell Scientific 1998.

Do not include taxa that fix N2 Raymond et al 2004 Mol. Biol. Evol. 21:541-554 Possess homologs to NifH and Nif D but not known to fix N2

Nitrogenase enzyme complex

Nitrogenase enzyme complex MoFe protein Dinitrogenase Tetramer of two different dimers 2 2 heterodimer  = NifD,  = NifK Contains Two MoFeS centers (active site for N2 reduction) Four Fe4S4 centers Combines N2 and H+ to reduce N2 to NH3

Nitrogenase enzyme complex NH3 MoFe protein N2 Fe protein Fe protein e- 65 Å 190 Å From: Catalina Achim http://www.chem.cmu.edu/groups/achim/research/magneto.html

Nitrogenase enzyme complex Fe protein Dinitrogenase reductase Dimer of two identical subunits 2 dimer  = NifH Contains single Fe4S4 center Accepts reducing power (electrons) and reduces MoFe protein (dinitrogenase)

Nitrogenase enzyme complex NH3 MoFe protein N2 Fe protein Fe protein e- 65 Å 190 Å From: Catalina Achim http://www.chem.cmu.edu/groups/achim/research/magneto.html

Versatility of nitrogenase complex

Vesicles are the site of N2-fixation in Frankia Vesicles are the site of N2-fixation in Frankia. Nitrogenase reduces nitrogen using electrons and ATP from compounds donated by the plant (succinate is only one possibility). The product ammonia is most likely excreted from the vesicle where plant enzymes (GS) convert it to organic nitrogen (glutamine). (D. Benson)

Nitrogenase enzyme complex 2 ATP Ferredoxinoxidized Fered. MoFeox. 2 NH3,H2 e- e- e- e- e- e- Ferredoxinreduced Feox. MoFered. N2, 8H+ 2 ADP 2 Pi

Nitrogenase enzyme complex NH3 MoFe protein N2 Fe protein Fe protein e- 65 Å 190 Å From: Catalina Achim http://www.chem.cmu.edu/groups/achim/research/magneto.html

Tree of NifH and NifD homologs Groups I - III possess functional nitrogenases Raymond et al 2004 Mol. Biol. Evol. 21:541-554

Two proposed nif gene vs. spp. trees (b) Methanogen origin hypothesis (a) Last common ancestor (LCA) hypothesis