K. Premkumar et al National Institute of Ocean Technology Chennai INDIA Intricacy in Sustaining the Moored Buoy Network in Indian Seas

INDIA NCAOR (Polar Science ) Chennai Cochin Goa NIOT Technology Development (Living & Nonliving) Hyderabad DelhiDOD INCOIS (Ocean Information Service ) Sagar Sampada Cell (Living Marine Resources)

MANDATE To develop, promote and demonstrate technologies for specific applications in Ocean related areas National Institute of Ocean Technology

Objectives To develop a knowledge base and institutional capabilities in India for management of ocean resources and environment. To develop world class technologies and applications for sustainable utilization of ocean resources. To provide competitive, value added technical services to organizations working in the oceanic field.

MISSION AREAS OF NIOT Ocean Energy & Desalination Deep Sea Technology and Ocean Mining Coastal and Environmental Engineering Marine Instrumentation Ocean Science and Technology for Islands

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES National Data Buoy Programme Vessel Management Cell

Implementation of National Data Buoy Programme In 1997 By National Institute of Ocean Technology Department of Ocean Development Government of India

NIOT Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea DS5 DS4 DS3 DS2 DS1 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 Paradip Machillipatnam Tuticorin Chennai Mangalore Goa Mumbai Pipavav NIOT INDIA 12 buoys network achieved by IX plan period NATIONAL DATA BUOY PROGRAMME (Moored) SW7

Standard Suit of Sensor & Specifications * Sensor is at 3 m above the sea surface ** Sensor is at 3 m depth below the sea surface SensorMakeRangeAccuracyResolution Air pressureVaisala hPa  0.1 hPa 0.01 hPa Air Temperature Omega Eng. -30 to + 75 o C  0.1 o C 0.01 o C Wind * Speed Lambrecht m/s  1.5  FS 0.07 m/s Direction o  3.6 o 0.1 o Water ** Temperature FSI – o C  0.5 o C 0.5 o C Conductivity0 – 7 s/m  s/m s/m Current ** Speed FSI cm/s 2% of the reading or 1 cm/s 0.01 cm/sec Direction o  2 o 0.01 o CT - TemperatureFSI o C  o C - Wave (full spectrum)Seatex  20m, o  10 cm,  5 o 1 cm,  0.1 o

Achieved 20 Buoys Network in March 2003 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 DS5 SW6 DS1 DS2 DS3 Chennai Machillipatnam Mangalore Tuticorin Goa Mumbai NIOT Pipvav DS4 Off Paradip OT1 OB8 MB12 MB11 MB10 TB1 Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal DS7 MB1 OB3 DS6 INDIA

Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Chennai Machillipatnam Mangalore Tuticorin Goa Mumbai NIOT Paradip MB1 SW2 DS1 SW3 SW4 OB3 DS2 DS6 DS7 Gulf of Cambay Gulf of Kutch OT1 SW5 SW6 OB8 MB10 DS5 MB11 DS3 MB12 DS4 Cochin Ratnagiri Buoy Status in October 2005 Buoy Network Established: 20 No. of working buoys : 12 Buoys drifted / withdrawn for maintenance: 08 TB1

Difficulties in the operation & management of Moored Buoy Programme Vandalism Marine fouling to under water sensors warrants shorter maintenance cycle Extreme conditions in Indian seas Non availability of Ship time Buoy Blast

Vandalism Communication failure due to total mast damage Damage to vital buoy components like solar panel, sensors, hull, mooring etc. Removal of mechanical/electronic components

Damages

Fouling

Extreme conditions during deployments/retrievals

Buoy Blast Exploded Buoy on Deck Lid :27kg Hood :55kg Drifter buoy: 15kg EPIRB with casing:5kg Instrument Plate with instruments:19kg Approximate weight of buoy components lifted off due to explosion(121kg)

Hydrogen and Oxygen gas got accumulated inside the central cylinder above Lower Explosive Limit, released by VRLA batteries Spark would have triggered sudden explosion inside the cylinder Cause of the Incident Findings of Expert Committee Improvements Suggested by Expert Committee Battery compartment with vents Pressure relief valve on instrument cylinder set at 1.25 psi

We acknowledge the efforts of DBCP in promulgating notifications to mariner on data buoys and its safety

Improvements on buoy design

Fasteners that cannot be opened with conventional tools Solar Panel made flush In-house Advancement in Buoy Technology to fight vandalism

Protective Hood All surface floats on mooring submerged Spikes to mast In-house Advancement in Buoy Technology to fight Vandalism

Battery Venting Arrangements with Auto regulated vent valves In-house Advancement in Buoy Technology

NEW COMPACT DATA BUOY Buoy Development For containerised Transportation Data buoy developed in association with Ocean Engineering Department, IIT, Chennai

Development of vital Buoy components CPU INSAT Transmitter for data link Buoy Hull

Buoy Profile Diameter : 2.2 m Overall height with : 6.5 m mast and keel Weight : 700 kg. Reserve Buoyancy : 2000 kg. Charasteristics 1.Can carry a suit of meterological and Oceanographic sensors upto 16 nos. 2.Operable from 20 m water depth to full ocean depth w x 4 nos solar panels ensure constant recharging of the batteries. Indian Data Buoy ( DOD/NIOT Product )

Cyclone Observation with Increased Buoy Network

Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Arabian Sea hPa (OB3) SW3 SW2 SW4 MB1 DS1 OB3 DS2 DS7 ● DS1 May 2001 May 2004 Air Pressure

SW3 SW2 SW4 MB1 DS1 OB3 DS2 DS7 ● DS m/s (OB3) Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Arabian Sea Wind Speed May 2001 May 2004

SW3 SW2 SW4 MB1 DS1 OB3 DS2 DS7 ● DS m (OB3) Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Arabian Sea Sig. Wave Height May 2001 May 2004

Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Bay of Bengal Air Pressure October 2000 August 2004 ● DS hPa (DS4) hPa (DS5) ● DS5 ● OB8 ● DS4 ● DS3 ● MB11 ● MB12

Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Bay of Bengal Wind Speed August 2004 ● DS5 ● OB8 ● DS4 ● DS3 ● MB11 ● MB m/s (MB11) 12.5 m/s (DS5) October 2000

Buoy(s) Observation of Cyclone in Bay of Bengal Wave Height ● DS5 ● OB8 ● DS4 ● DS3 ● MB11 ● MB12 August m (MB12) October m (DS5)

NOAA-14 AVHRR UTC ● DS5 OB8 DS5 MB11 MB12 DS3 Meteosat-5 at 03:00 GMT on hPa (DS5) hPa (MB11) Comparison of BoB Cyclone in Oct and May 2003

Interesting buoy observations during June m/s 3.67 m hPa Air pressure Significant Wave height Wind Speed SW6 DS5 DS4 DS5 SW6 DS4 SW6

Sensor Fit Air Pressure Air Temperature Wind SST Simple Met Buoys Sensor Fit Nutrient sensor Chlorophyll Dissolved Oxygen Current Hydrocarbon Environmental Buoys Sensor Fit Air Temperature Air Pressure Wind Wave Current Salinity & SST Thermistor Chain Ocean Buoys Sensor Fit Air Pressure Air Temperature SST Wind Wave Current Salinity Port/Shallow Water Buoys

PRINCIPAL PARTICULARS Length over all : m Breadth : m Depth upto Main Deck: m Draft: m Speed (Guaranteed): % MCR Complements Crew: 18 Scientist : 11 Buoy Handling Facility: 2 Nos. articulated electro-hydraulic cranes each having 5 T SWL with an out reach of 8 m. 1 No. ‘A’ frame to lift 12 tones of load Propulsion: Twin Screw FPP Station Keeping: Two Steerable water jet propulsion Contract Value : Rs lakhs M/s. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., Visakhapatnam has been awarded with the order for construction of Buoy tender Cum Research Vessel to meet the maintenance of increased buoy network. The design and building specification for the vessel has been prepared by National Ship Design and Research Centre (NSDRC), Visakhapatnam. HSL has already commenced the construction of the vessel. Ship Acquisition - Buoy Tender Cum Research Vessel “Sagar Manjusha”

Progress of “Sagar Manjusha”