Early 20th Century Modern Art Part III
Russian Avant Garde
Malevich, Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915
Malevich, Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying, 1915
Suprematism Concerned with pure form: square, line, rectangle Shapes not related to actual objects “Supremacy of pure feeling”
Gabo, Column, 1923
Constructivism Construct art not create it Wanted to build a technological utopia Used synthetic materials: glass, plastic, metal
Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, 1919-1920
Productivism Functional art, not abstract Art should create useful products for the new society “Art is a social product, conditioned by the social environment.”
Compare and contrast these
Some Questions to Consider What are the dominant colors? What are the basic shapes? What is the relationship of the title to the work? What is the approach to abstraction in each work?
The Bauhaus and the International Style
Gropius, the Bauhaus, 1925-1926, Dessau Germany
Gropius, the Bauhaus, 1925-1926, Dessau, Germany
Bauhaus A movement/method not a style Improve human condition Simple, streamlined houses for workers Mass producible methods; machine design Craftsmanship important Blurred boundaries between art, craft, architecture Everything can be designed: chair to faucet
Traits of Bauhaus Architecture Free plan interiors; no interior load-bearing walls Use of concrete, glass, & steel Stark white cubes Unadorned wall surfaces: “no romantic embellishment or whimsy” Strip windows flush with wall plane Flat roofs
LeCourbusier, Villa Savoye, 1929, Poissy-sur-Seine, France
LeCourbusier, Villa Savoye, 1929
LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955
LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955, Ronchamp, France
LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955
LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955
LeCourbusier, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-1955
Frank Lloyd Wright
His great discovery, he said was “the idea of eliminating the containment which is the box, reaching out and amplifying space, dragging things in from the outside”
Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908
Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1908
Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1908
Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908
Wright, Robie House, 1907-1908
Prairie School Integration with landscape Horizontal orientation Natural materials Broad overhanging eaves (cantilever) Horizontal bands of windows Craftsmanship Disciplined use of ornament
Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania,1936-1939
Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania,1936-1939
Cantilever is a beam supported on only one end. The beam carries the load to the support where it is resisted by moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing.
Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania,1936-1939
Wright, Falling Water, 1936-1939
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Wright, Guggenheim Museum, 1943-1959 New York, NY
Depression Art
Dorothea Lange
Lange, Migrant Mother, 1935
Migration of the Negro series Jacob Lawrence Migration of the Negro series
Lawrence, Migration of the Negro No. 49, 1940-1941
Wood, American Gothic, 1930
Wood, American Gothic, 1930
Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942
Orozco, Epic of American Civilization: Hispano-America, 1932-1934
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~spanmod/mural/all.html