Mineral Nutrition Studied by soil-free culture in nutrient solutions:

Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution Slanted film maintains [nutrients] & O 2 Aeroponics sprays nutrient solution on roots

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers N deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers P deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers S deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers K makes turgor, enzyme cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMg Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMgBNaCl Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration in C4, K substitute mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regenerationin C4, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl others include Cu, Zn, Mn B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance Cu: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

Mineral Nutrition Commercial fertilizers mainly supply NPK

Plant food 2.6% ammoniacal nitrogen 4.4% nitrate nitrogen 9% phosphorus 5% potassium calcium (2%) magnesium (0.5%) sulfur (0.05%) boron (0.02%) chlorine (0.1%) cobalt (0.0015%) copper (0.05%) iron (0.1%) manganese (0.05%) molybdenum (0.0009%) nickel (0.0001%) sodium (0.10%) zinc (0.05%)

Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary PSU extension Text

Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe

Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe Mobile nutrients come with soil H 2 O

Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe Mobile nutrients come with soil H 2 O Immobiles must be “mined” Root hairs get close

Mineral Nutrition Immobile nutrients must be “mined” Root hairs get close Mycorrhizae get closer

Mineral Nutrition Immobile nutrients must be mined Root hairs get close Mycorrhizae get closer Solubility varies w pH

Mineral Nutrition Solubility varies w pH 5.5 is best compromise

Mineral Nutrition Solubility varies w pH 5.5 is best compromise Plants alter roots to aid uptake

Mineral Nutrition Nutrients in soil Plants alter roots to aid uptake Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P

Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner

Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients

Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients Plants feed them sugar

Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients Plants feed them sugar Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers

Mineral Nutrition Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots

Mineral Nutrition Ectomycorrhizae surround root: trees release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots Endomycorrhizae invade root cells: Vesicular/Arbuscular Most angiosperms, especially in nutrient-poor soils