Unit 1: the Science of Life Ch. 2: Features of Life & the Cell Ch. 30 Populations & Communities (selected sections)

WHAT IS BIOLOGY???

What do biologists study??? Do they all study the same thing? ww.moleskinerie.com/2006/06/tom_fricke_anth.html&usg=__y3iVJbR3BR8N5yP8icmuDdS5o- Y=&h=244&w=350&sz=55&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Be4yQaEwUETH2M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=120&pr ev=/images%3Fq%3Danthropologist%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1 07/_dsc5137.jpg&imgrefurl= malaysia-in-kudat-banggi-priority-conservation- area/&usg=__OfUaJjyofRtWfvYf93uULaOQaBE=&h=300&w=450&sz=55&hl=en&start =71&zoom=1&tbnid=YaZI- rTFBfWZbM:&tbnh=162&tbnw=206&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Bbiologist%26 um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D815%26tbs%3Disc h:10%2C1834&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=114&vpy=393&dur=1311&hovh=183&hov w=275&tx=150&ty=138&ei=IvB-TIaRJ4KClAel6KjtAw&oei=2e9- TMOBCsH98AaEkO3SAw&esq=6&page=4&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:71&biw=1259 &bih=815

What is an organism? w.org/bacteria/kin gdom_2.jpg

Living vs. Non-living How do we know?

1. Living things are organized What is the smallest (basic) unit of life? What is the largest unit of organization?

2. Living things respond to stimuli What is a stimulus? Why is responding to stimuli so important? Plants Responding to Light

3. Living things maintain homeostasis What is homeostasis? –Examples body temperature CO 2 level in blood

4. Living things grow Both living & non-living things can grow…. –How is it different? What is the difference between growth & development? & develop

5. Living things reproduce What is the “goal” of reproduction? Biogenesis theory –“Like produces like…” What does this mean? Asexual vs. sexual reproduction Does every member of a species need to reproduce? Why or why not?

6. Living things have adaptations & evolve What is an adaptation? Over time, beneficial adaptations are “selected for” & the population or species __evolve____________… Individual organisms do not evolve!!! Evolution explains the diversity of life. Pepper Moth “Game” Principles of Natural Selection "Interactive"

What is energy? Why is (chemical) energy needed? 7. Living things need energy /a228_2194.running.jpg

Where do organisms get energy? Almost all the energy organisms use comes from the sun!!! –What type of organisms make their own food using the sun? examples –What process do they use to make food (sugars)?

What is the equation for photosynthesis? Where is the energy is stored? Where do organisms get energy?

Some organisms can make their own food without sunlight –chemosynthesis examples Where do organisms get energy?

What if an organism can’t make it’s own food? How would it get energy? What do we call organisms that have to eat to get energy? –What do we call consumers that eat: Plants? Other animals? Both plants & animals? Where do organisms get energy?

In most organisms, what process releases the energy stored in the bonds of food (glucose)? –What materials are needed? –What materials are made? Where do organisms get energy?

Cellular (aerobic) respiration… –What is the equation? –What other equation does it look like? What do organisms use the energy for? Where do organisms get energy? ATP

Where do organisms get energy?

Can energy be recycled? –NO!!!! Just transferred & transformed… Usually released as heat Energy & Nutrients

Can nutrients be recycled? Why must nutrients be recycled? Energy & Nutrients

What type of organisms recycle nutrients? –Detritivores Eat dead organisms Ex. crabs, worms, snails –Decomposers Break down organic waste (poop) Ex. fungi & bacteria Where do organisms get energy?

Energy Flow: Food Chains Does energy only flow through individual organisms? –Community Food chains ***Arrow always points toward organism taking in the energy & away from the organism “giving up” the energy.*** Where do almost all communities get their energy?

1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 4th trophic level 3d trophic level 5th trophic level Energy Flow: Food Chains

Energy Flow: Food Webs - lazio.arto v.rm.cnr.i t/darwin2 007/pres entazioni /Modulo1 4_file/slid e0242_i mage27 2.jpg

A Connecticut Food Web

What occurs as energy is passed to each trophic level? Amount of energy passed on to the next level. Lost Energy

10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency –~10% energy is passed to next level ~90% lost –Mostly as heat »Energy is NOT recycled. Energy Flow: Energy Pyramids