Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon.

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Presentation transcript:

Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon

Historical Geology IProterozoic Timeline IITectonics Overview A)Continental Growth B)Wilson Cycle Tectonics IIIPaleoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate IVMesoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate VNeoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate VIThe Proterozoic Outside Laurentia Outline

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon 1.0 bya 2.5 bya 1.6 bya bya

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Tectonics Overview growing cratons lateral plate tectonic movements rifting and sea-floor spreading wide continental shelves epeiric seas

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Aggregating Cratons accretion - addition of crustal materials to continental margins aggregation – bringing together and consolidation of cratonic elements

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Early Epeiric Seas epeiric sea - a shallow sea flooding the continental craton Erikkson, et al., 1998

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Sedimentation Overview Carbonates appear Banded Iron Formations peak/disappear Red Beds Passive Margin Sedimentation

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Carbonate Sedimentation

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Banded Iron Formations

Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Red Beds oxidation 4Fe + 3O 2 ---> 2Fe 2 O 3 iron + oxygen -> iron oxide hematite limonite laterite soils Red Shale Chuar Group (Grand Canyon)

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Orogenies Torngat ( Ga) Taltson-Thelon ( Ga) Penokean ( Ga) Wopmay ( Ga) Cape Smith-New Quebec ( Ga) Trans-Hudson ( Ga)

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province Aulacogens Athapuscow Aulacogen Bathhurst Aulacogen Irving, et al., in press

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province - Wopmay Orogen

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province Young, 2002 Ojakangas, et al., 2001

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Huronian Supergroup Young, Ga Gowganda Formation Huronian Supergroup Gowganda Tillite

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Glaciation

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Animikie Group Ga Young, 2002 Banded Iron Formation Animikie Group Kona Dolostone Animikie Group Ajubik Quartzite Animikie Group

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Penokean Orogeny

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province Cross Section

Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Trans-Hudson Orogen Schwerdtner and Cote, 2001

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Events Elsonian Orogeny Yavapai Orogeny Mazatzal Orogeny Mid-Continent Rifting Grenville Orogeny Assembly of Rodinia

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Yavapai and Mazatzal Orogenies Series of orogenies ~ Ga Vishnu Schist

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Region

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Region

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Mid-Continent Rift ~ Ga Keweenawan Supergroup Ojakangas and Dickas, 2002

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grenville Orogeny

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia S W E A T A U S W U S

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia – SWEAT

Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia – AUSWUS

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Breakup of Rodinia Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific) Iapetus (proto-Atlantic) Varangian Glaciation Eykes and Januszczak, in press

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Breakup of Rodinia

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Panthalassa

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting Grand Canyon Supergroup

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Supergroup

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting Breakup of Rodinia Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific) Varangian Glaciation

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Varangian Glaciation

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Varangian Glaciation OXYGEN Heavy Oxygen-18 is incorporated into minerals. More Oxygen 18 during low temperatures. STRONTIUM Increased Sr86/87 ratio due to increased weathering during glaciation. CARBON 12/CARBON 13 Plants use the lighter isotope Carbon 12 in photosynthesis. The lower relative abundance of Carbon 13 means the plants were worse off (dying). Evidence in “cap” carbonates Jacobson and Kaufmann, 1999 Knoll, 2000

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth

Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth

Historical Geology The Precambrian Outside North America