KIT Objectives in Fusion by 2020 Workshop on the European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and beyond April 13 – 14, 2011; IPP Garching

K. Hesch, KIT 2April 13-14, IPP Garching Objectives of the KIT Nuclear Fusion Programme towards 2020 Development of key technologies for fusion Currently three main areas: –Design, engineering, realisation and testing of components and systems for ITER (60% - 10%) –Long term developments in view of DEMO and Fusion Power Plant (inter alia: Broader Approach, IFMIF) (30% - 90%) –Contributions to Wendelstein 7-X (10% - 0%) Staff: –230 scientists, engineers and support staff (~ 200 ppy) –8 KIT institutes are contributing to the KIT Fusion Programme Annual Budget: ~ 30 M€ Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 3April 13-14, IPP Garching Challenge: FPP Preparation In-vessel Components –Divertor Engineering –Breeder Blanket Concepts & Engineering –High-Temperature Cooling Technology –Remote Handling Heating & Current Drive Systems –Advanced ECRH Sources –Advanced Transmission Components D-T Fuel Cycle –He-T Processing –Vacuum Pumping Safety & Licensing, Neutronics HTS Magnets Plant Modelling Materials Development & Qualification –Structural Materials –Functional Materials –IFMIF Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 4April 13-14, IPP Garching In-Vessel-Components: Divertor Engineering Challenges: Engineering design compatible with Physics requirements (operation scenario, geometry) Heat load, plasma & neutron flux Manufacturing possibilities Remote handling / maintenance / plant availability Status: European reference design: Helium Cooled Multi Jet design Collaboration & Partners: Variation of physics concept / geometry: IPP, CCFE, CRPP, … New engineering approaches: ENEA, … Plasma Wall Interaction: FZJ, IPP, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond KI T Armor (W) Cap (W Alloy) Cartridge (Steel) He 600°C He 700°C

K. Hesch, KIT 5April 13-14, IPP Garching In-Vessel-Components: Breeder Blanket Concepts & Engineering Challenges: –Tritium self-sufficiency –Heat supply to converter –Neutron & heat load, operation temperature, cycling, total operation time –Remote handling, maintenance, plant availability –Manufacturing technology Status: –2 European concepts for testing in ITER (HCPB, HCLL) –Further ideas: Dual Coolant, … Collaboration & Partners: –TBM-CA for ITER: CEA, ENEA, CIEMAT, NRI, RMKI –Further developments: CCFE, NRG, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 6April 13-14, IPP Garching In-Vessel-Components: High Temperature Cooling Technology Challenges: –High-grade heat supply to converter (plant efficiency) –Appropriate operation temperature in blanket & divertor –Materials, components, temperature and pressure ranges Status: –High temperature He technology –Commissioning of HELOKA Collaboration & Partners: –Engineering concepts, engineering design & testing: RMKI, ENEA, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 7April 13-14, IPP Garching Heating & Current Drive Systems: ECRH – Advanced Sources & Transmission Lines Challenges: –Reliability & wall plug efficiency –Current drive efficiency –Counteracting plasma instabilities –Cost efficiency by reducing unit numbers & space requirements → High-power sources –Avoid moving parts near the plasma → Tuneability Status: –1MW cw (30 min) gyrotrons for W7-X –2MW cw gyrotrons for ITER (so far only short pulse) –Tuneable multi-frequeny tubes –Multi-frequency transmission line components Collaboration & Partners: CRPP, CNR, IPP, FOM, HELLAS, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 8April 13-14, IPP Garching Deuterium-Tritium Fuel Cycle: He-T-Processing, Vacuum Pumping Challenges: –T removal from huge He mass flows –Pumping efficiency – plant efficiency –Selective pumping, T-compatible fore-pumping –Divertor pressure control –Integral vacuum modelling Status: ITER Fuel Cycle –Conceptual design completed –Eng. design of key components completed –Cryopumps with customised pumping speed & pressure –Bridging of Knudsen & molecular flow Collaboration & Partners: CEA, ENEA, ICIT, HELLAS, …. Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 9April 13-14, IPP Garching Safety, Licensing & Neutronics: Challenges: –Licensing of FPP for continuous operation –Accident scenarios, activation and inventories, mitigation scenarios –Radiation-induced materials changes –Fusion-specific design codes –Neutronics data base Status: –Modelling / verification / mitigation of explosion scenarios –Nuclear data evaluations –Arcing scenarios –Materials characterisation Collaboration & Partners: CEA, ENEA, CCFE, CRPP, ÖAW, NRG, JSI, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 10April 13-14, IPP Garching High T c Superconducting Magnets: Challenges: –Plant efficiency / cryo power requirements –Plant availability / reduction of complexity –Transfer of HTS materials into reactor components Status: Strand and cable experiments Collaboration & Partners: CRPP, IPP, CEA, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 11April 13-14, IPP Garching Plant Modelling Challenges: –Predict / optimise performance / efficiency of plant –Wide range of parameter options –Engineering codes system complementing system codes for design support –Provide complete set of engineering parameters as a function of basic choices (physics scenarios, reactor configuration) Status: –Various system codes, integrating physics aspects –Numerous engineering models (neutronics, thermo-mechanics, electro- magnetics, fluid-dynamics, …) Collaboration & Partners: CCFE, IPP, FZJ, ENEA, CEA, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 12April 13-14, IPP Garching Materials Development & Qualification Challenges: –Structural materials for high and very high temperature operation under extreme neutron loads –Functional materials for tritium breeding & First Wall –Qualification & licensing: IFMIF Status: –EUROFER characterised for high temperature applications; irradiation & neutron load qualification incomplete –Refractory alloys being characterised; irradiation behaviour & qualification missing –Functional materials under optimisation –IFMIF – EVEDA in Broader Approach Collaboration & Partners: CEA, CRPP, CIEMAT, ENEA, SCK-CEN, NRG, … Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond

K. Hesch, KIT 13April 13-14, IPP Garching Conclusion Multitude of challenges Transform approaches into solutions In a well-coordinated European programme Responsibility of the Commission Role of EFDA Workshop on European Fusion Roadmap for FP8 and Beyond