1. KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association STAC AHG „Objective 4“ www.kit.edu STAC AHG Report on Objective 4: Fusion Power Plants Nadine Baluc, Carlos Hidalgo, Anton Möslang, Jürgen Rapp CCF-FU Workshop EU Fusion Roadmap April 13-15, 2011, Garching

2. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 2 Objective 4: Lay the foundation for Fusion Power Plants by driving forward the significant physics and technology developments that are required for the timely design and construction of the demonstration fusion power plants that will follow ITER. Position Europe to gain a significant share of the important intellectual property of fusion power. Deliverables: In the next decade the programme must deliver:  4a A conceptual DEMO design taking into account Tokamak and Stellarator options, including viable solutions for physics questions  4bProven concepts for power plant technologies, along with the appropriate test facilities for the qualification of these technologies and the materials needed for DEMO.  4cUnderstanding of stellarator stability, energy and fast particle confinement in view of reactor ‐ relevant plasmas

3. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 3 Deliveries of the STAC AHG on “Objectives 4”  Summary of the associations input in term of staff and cost  Classification of the associations input in categories according to  the three time windows 2012-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2020, and  the deliverables 4a, 4b and 4c, based on - The seven R&D needs given in the “Report of the Fusion Facilities Review Panel”, Oct. 2008, and - The “Report of the Ad Hoc Group on DEMO Activities”, March 2010  Where appropriate, allocation of the associations input to “Required Facilities”, according to the “Report of the FR Review Panel”  Comparison of the associations input with the main programmatic lines

4. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 4  The associations have often used general expressions in describing their future activities; several data depends on external conditions  Many missing data; other with question marks  Associations often have allocated their staff and cost previews to a cluster of similar activities. This made an allocation to dedicated activities sometimes difficult. The associations categorized often differently from each other. Therefore it was not always possible  to distinguish clearly between “4a” and “4b”  to derive reliable numbers for the specific “slots” given by the Facility Report Panel, or the DEMO working group  That is, the numbers in the excel sheets have some uncertainties Consequently, also the numbers given in the following might have uncertainties of hidden mistakes, and they are also not always yet cross-checked. Comments to the Associations Input for “Objective 4”

5. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 5 66382414361131 Objective 4: Overview on Staff – 6049 ppy in total

6. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 6 Comparison of staff for O1 – O4  Most of the associations have a broad distribution between the objectives  But a specific sharing

7. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 7 Annual average of staff for O1 – O4  Objective 1 (construct ITER) clearly decreasing  Objective 4 (foundations for FPPs) clearly increasing

8. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 8 DEMO definition *  Whatever the success of ITER is, an intermediate stage called DEMO is needed This need becomes clear, if some parameters of ITER are compared with a FPP:  DEMO’s mission has been quoted as*, ** : - completion of nuclear lifetime testing of in-vessel components - demonstration of tritium self-sufficiency with full breeding blankets and full T fuel-cycle plant - demonstration of low turn around remote maintenance - demonstration of fusion’s environmental and safety credits - demonstration of high level reliability and availability - deliver to the grid significant net electricity power (“hundreds of MWs”, MQ Tran) ) ITERFPP Fusion power~500 MW  3 GW Pulse length300-500 s~10 h or steady state Neutron damage FW~ 1dpa/lifetime~25 dpa/year Fuel cycleonly functionalfull tritium sufficiency * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010** e.g. D. Stork, SOFT 2010, DEMO invited talk

9. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 9 Technical challenges having large gaps between ITER and DEMO* * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010; Facilities Review Panel, October 2008 Objective 4a: Physics questions Contributing Associations Steady state and pulsed Tokamak operation5 High density operation3 Exhaust- Credible scenarios for DEMO - Novel divertors, e.g. SUPER-X divertor 10 5 Disruptionsno one Integrated control3

10. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 10 Technical challenges having large gaps between ITER and DEMO* * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010; Facilities Review Panel, October 2008 Objective 4a: Conceptual design for DEMO Contributing Associations Heating and Current drive8 In-vessel components (blankes, divertor, maifolfds,…)7 Tritium handling & fuel cycle4 Plasma diagnostics and control12 Remote handling2 Superconducting magnets1 Integrated design for DEMO- Tokamak - Stellarator 9 no one

11. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 11 Objective 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions DEMO Power: 1.30 MW e Plant Efficiency: 37-45% 2012-20132014-20182019-2020 22 080 k€43 840 k€54 193 k€ Indicated operational costs & investments 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total 230 ppy740 ppy404 ppy1 375 ppy Indicated staff Note: Not all associations have filled in numbers, some have indicated their interest only by marking with “X” Total resources as submitted by the associations

12. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 12 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Physics: Steady state and pulsed Tokamak operation 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 8 - 35.55 240 37 14 10080.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Develop (by modeling) a range of credible pulsed DEM scenarios1 - Assess in experimental Tokamak program Steady state operational scenarios1 - Assess compatibility between pulsed and steady state designs1 First comments: - 80.5 ppy corresponds to 5.8% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a

13. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 13 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Physics: High density operation 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 32 730 113 560 9 2 89723 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Understand Greenwald density limit n G 1 - Demonstrate Tokamak operation at high density, possible above n G 1 First comments: - 80.5 ppy corresponds only to 1.6% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - somewhat alarming; either issue is not taken seriously or simply forgotten Without high density operation beyond n G, we do not achieve high Q for DEMO

14. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 14 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Physics: Exhaust – Credible scenarios for DEMO 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 536 857 8414 010 15.5 1 932152.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Develop a range of credible exhaust scenarios for DEMO1 First comments: - 152.5 ppy corresponds to 11.1% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a, which is the 2 nd highest interest

15. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 15 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Physics: Exhaust – Novel divertor concepts, e.g. SUPER-X 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 106 7093911 320 35.5 4 94084.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Assess physics of novel Divertor concepts such as Super-X divertors2 - Assess compatibility of novel divertor concepts with DEMO conditions2 First comments: - 84.5 ppy corresponds to 6.1% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a

16. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 16 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Physics: Integrated control Priority* 1 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 152 270335 875 111 87059 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Assess principal restrictions (e.g. accessibility) on DEMO H&CD1 - Assess principal restrictions to diagnostics in DEMO1 - Assess “controllability” of plasma scenarios1 First comments: - 59 ppy corresponds to 4.3% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a

17. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 17 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Heating & Current drive 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 21.11 16947.5785 4819 417116.6 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Reassess the capabilities of the different H&CD systems for DEMO1 - R&D program to improve “wall-plug efficiency” for candidate H&CD systems1 - Development of high reliability high availability H&CD systems 1-2 - …. First comments: - 84.5 ppy corresponds to 8.5% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a

18. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 18 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: In-vessel components (blanket, divertor, manifolds system...) 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 322 15058.51 140 (?) 321 140122.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - System integration study, gap analysis compared to ITER TBM program1 - Alternative divertor techniques, engineering performance for Divertor design1 - Assessment of in-vessel components, integration study & design code analysis 1 - In-core component integration, manifold systems and shields2 First comments: -122.5 ppy corresponds to 8.9% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - The cost statement is likely not credible for 2014-2018

19. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 19 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Tritium handling & fuel cycle 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 16-34.5352.53552.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Develop an integral approach of the fuel cycle1 - Self-sufficient T breeding: System development for very large flow rates2 - Detriation systems for very large throughput and in-vessel components2 - Develop T- accountancy system and T compatible vacuum pumps2 First Comments: - 52.5 ppy corresponds to 3.8% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - Interaction with 4b: another 106 ppy are allocated there to “DEMO technology fuel cycle”. But even then, an annual average of ~17 ppy for “Fuel cycle” seems critical

20. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 20 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Plasma diagnostics & control Priority* 1-2 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 1795421 84023.582782.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Screening & assessment of long lead diagnostics1 - Novel approaches to feedback control with sparse data systems1 - Develop robust versions of key minimum diagnostic set2 - Develop novel diagnostic systems and their integration2 First Comments: - 82.5 ppy corresponds to 6.0% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a

21. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 21 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Remote handling 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 10-24.5-2-36.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Pre-conceptual design studies and consequences on overall system1 - Conceptual definition of DEMO maintenance system1 - Development of radiation hard sensing systems2 - Development of RH systems having high availability2 First Comments: - 36.5 ppy corresponds to 2.6% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - Interaction with 4b: another 69 ppy are allocated there to “DEMO technology fuel cycle”. But even then, an annual average of ~12 ppy seems too low, as electricity cost is also determined by availability

22. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 22 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Superconducting magnets 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 4-10-0-14 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Clarify DEMO objectives and potential role of HTS magnets 2 - Evaluate magnetic field strength effects of HTS magnets1 - Development suitable cabling concepts2 - Demonstrate sub-size model coils as proof of principle2 First Comments: - 14 ppy corresponds to only 1.0 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - Even if the other 229 ppy from DEMO technology for HTS would be added, this manpower is hardly not enough in view of the potential of HTS magnets

23. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 23 4a: Conceptual DEMO design and Physics questions * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 DEMO design: Integrated design for DEMO V.9 (FR 7) 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 41100320.535188.57 035550 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include:Mission 7 - CTF feasibility studyMilestone - Completion of DEMO conceptual design studyMilestone - Completion of DEMO engineering design activity and supporting R&D Milestone - Assessment of engineering feasibility of Stellarator Power PlantMilestone First Comments: - 550 ppy corresponds to 40.0% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4a - This is within Objective 4a by far the biggest support and adequate in view of the important task

24. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 24 Objective 4a: Conceptual DEMO Design and Physics Questions Summary sheet: Total staff submitted for the different categories Staff, ppy

25. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 25 Objective 4b: Technology for DEMO Contributing Associations Heating & Current Drive6 In-Vessel components: - Blankets - Divertor - Others 777777 Fuel Cycle: Integral Approach, including Tritium and Vacuum5 Plasma Diagnost. & Control: Screening, Assessments, Innovation3 Remote Handling Technology2 High Temperature Superconducting Magnets7 Materials for DEMO:- structural, plasma-facing, functional - Modeling and experimental validation 15 10 IFMIF- Broader Approach (Objective 1) - Siting and Construction 6464 Power Plant- Safety and Licensing - Availability and Efficiency 2424 Component Test Facility, JT60SA and FAST2

26. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 26 Objective 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO DEMO Power: 1.30 MW e Plant Efficiency: 37-45% 2012-20132014-20182019-2020 64 737 k€165 973 k€64 486 k€ Indicated operational costs & investments 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total 612 ppy1 852 ppy1 032 ppy3 496 ppy Indicated staff Note: Not all associations have filled in numbers, some have indicated their interest only by marking with “X” Total resources as submitted by the associations

27. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 27 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Heating and Current Drive V.2* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 185 496 6811 333 61 7250147 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Reassess the capabilities of the different H&CD against DEMO mission1 - R&D Program to improve wall plug efficiency of candidate systems1 - Development of high reliabilitiy and availability,…2 First comments: - 147 ppy corresponds to 4.2% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b

28. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 28 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: In-vessel components: BlanketsV.3* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 277720 79100 53050159 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - System integration of DEMO blanket; Identification of key gaps analysis1 - Feasibility demonstration of manufacture and joining technologies1 - Assessment according to system integration, design codes and standards1 First comments: - 159 ppy corresponds to 4.5% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - This is considered not to be enough as blankets must guarantee Tritium self- sufficiency, highly reliable operation and have to fulfill high safety standards

29. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 29 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: In-vessel components: DivertorV.3* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 286801087400 711020207 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Assessment of alternative techniques for divertor1 - Engineering development of divertor with high lifetime and thermohydraulics performance1 First comments: - 207 ppy corresponds to 5,9% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - In view of the fact that we have presently not yet a Divertor design able to operate reliably at enormous heat loads of ~10-12 MW/m 2, the offered resources are certainly not enough. Alternative concepts are urgently needed

30. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 30 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: In-vessel components: OthersV.3* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 481991593.514145 7312980214.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* -Feasibility demonstration of manufacture and joint technologies1 - In-core component integration: Optimisation of supporting structure, manifold systems and shields2 - Develop high temperature cooling technologies 3 First comments: - 214.5 ppy corresponds to 6.1% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b

31. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 31 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Fuel Cycle – Integral Approach, Incl. Tritium & Vacuum V.4* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 14.53 20039.518 800 526 800106 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Develop an integral approach of the fuel cycle1 - Self-sufficient T breeding: System development for very large flow rates2 - Detriation systems for very large throughput and in-vessel components2 - Develop T- accountancy system and T compatible vacuum pumps2 First Comments (see also design of fuel cycle): - 106 ppy corresponds to 3.0% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - Interaction with 4a: another 52.5 ppy are allocated there to “DEMO technology fuel cycle”. But even then, an annual average of ~17 ppy for “Fuel cycle” seems critical

32. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 32 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Plasma Diagnostics and ControlV.5* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 70130 10030 Submitted by the Associations First Comments (see also design of fuel cycle): - 30 ppy corresponds to 0.9 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - Even together with the 82.5 ppy from “DEMO design, 4a”, the resources seems to be not sufficient What needs to be done include: Priority* - Screening & assessment of long lead diagnostics1 - Novel approaches to feedback control with sparse data systems1 - Develop robust versions of key minimum diagnostic set2 - Develop novel diagnostic systems and their integration2

33. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 33 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Remote Handling TechnologyV.6* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 403117500 34200069 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Pre-conceptual design studies and consequences on overall system1 - Conceptual definition of DEMO maintenance system1 - Development of radiation hard sensing systems2 - Development of RH systems having high availability2 First Comments (see also 4a: Design of remote handling): - 69 ppy corresponds to 2.0% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - Interaction with 4a: another 36.5 ppy are allocated there to “DEMO technology fuel cycle”. But even then, an annual average of ~12 ppy seems too low, as electricity cost is also determined by availability

34. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 34 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: High Temperature Superconducting Magnets V.7* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 47,54 10094,7521 95086,5 4 500228.75 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Clarify DEMO objectives and potential role of HTS magnets 2 - Evaluate magnetic field strength effects of HTS magnets1 - Development suitable cabling concepts2 - Demonstrate sub-size model coils as proof of principle2 First Comments (see also 4a, design of HTS magnets): - 229 ppy corresponds to only 6.5 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - Even if the other 14 ppy from DEMO technology for HTS would be added, this is hardly enough in view of the potential of HTS magnets

35. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 35 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Materials: structural, plasma facing, functional V.6* FR6 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 22218 98152454 470235 13 816981 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Assessment of blanket & divertor operational parameters1 - EUROFER: “Completion” of database, incl. fission and ion irradiation1 - Qualification of EUROFER-ODS, & development of specification for RAF-ODS1 - Development and characterization of W/W alloys and components1 - Armor material optimization and high heat flux testing1 First Comments: - 981 ppy corresponds to 28% of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - In view of the huge divertor challenge, the enormous cost for irradiation campaigns the related PIE characterization, and considering missing large scale production methods (e.g. functional materials) & joining techniques, the resources are critical

36. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 36 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Materials: Modeling & experimental validation V.7* FR6 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 453 280894 675385 380172 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: Priority* - Materials science and modeling to provide scientific understanding and predictability, and to link irradiation damage coming from fusion, fission, spallation and multi-ion-beam sources1 First Comments: - 172 ppy corresponds to 4.9 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - This corresponds to ~19 ppy/year in average which is not too much - Note also: The scientific excellence of the underlying EU program is unbeaten internationally

37. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 37 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: IFMIF Broader ApproachV.8, VI* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 112.59601523 30034300298.5 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: - Completion with (i) construction and operation of full scale prototypes: Accererator prototype, Li test loop, High flux module, Creep-fatigue module - Advanced Design of various sub-systems1 First Comments; - 298.5 ppy corresponds to 8.5 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - IFMIF BA should be part of Objective 1. - The real cost for IFMIF BA is significantly above the numbers given here

38. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 38 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: IFMIF Siting and construction:V.8, VI* 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 004703 800202500672 Submitted by the Associations What needs to be done include: -As IFMIF is very close to be on the critical path to DEMO, the decision to built IFMIF, as well as the decision on the site, must be taken by mid of this decade. - Full documentation for site preparation and construction; keep the present team - Start of construction1 First Comments; - 672 ppy corresponds to 19 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - The ppys assume that an international consortium is established for construction

39. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 39 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Technology: Power Plant – safety & licensing, availability & efficiency: V.9*,FR7 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 33.5405281 00025.544087 Submitted by the Associations First Comments; - 87 ppy corresponds to only 2.5 % of the total staff submitted for Objective 4b - Depending on how ambitious the EU road map to fusion power will become in this decade, the resources indicated here are likely much too small What needs to be done include:Priority* - Integrate safety and license requirements, Tritium release safety 2,3 - Clarify DEMO objective: pulsed or steady state1 - Increase efficiency of systems with high impact (e.g. H&CD; 20-40%  60%)1 - Scopestudies in terms of reliability and availability2

40. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 40 Objective 4b: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO Summary sheet: Total staff and cost submitted for the different categories k€ ppy  Not all associations have indicated specific cost numbers  Some large scale activities expects that cost come from a dedicated consortium IFMIF consortium assumed

41. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 41 4c: Stellarator Physics * DEMO Ad Hoc Group, March 2010 Stellarator stability, energy and fast particle confinement IV.3* FR 2 2012-20132014-20182019-2020Total  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy  k€  ppy 316.4108 476789.5130 995314.496 9201420.3 Submitted by the Associations First Comments; - Naturally dominated by W7X engagements, which are at present the second largest activities besides ITER - Broad distribution; 10 associations are involved - In the Stellarator world, the level of the EU program is practically unique What needs to be done include: - Evaluate the potential advantages of Stellarators regarding a DEMO design - Pursue concept maturity and design convergence, in order to propose DEMO - Solve physics and operational issues for e.g. (i) impurity accumulation, (ii) power and density exhaust, (iii) coil complexity and (iv) blanket

42. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 42 Major Facilities allocated to “Objective 4” (Structure follows FR Report, 2008) Note:  Various facilities are strongly involved in other objectives  The individual numbers are not always yet crosschecked Staff, ppy Fusion devices Technol. Facilit. IFMIF consortium assumed

43. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 43  Total human resources provided for “Objective 4”: 6049 ppy, including a possible “IFMIF consortium in 4b”  For Objective 4, the annual staff is continuously increasing from (2012-2013) to (2019-2020)  Share between activities: 4a (Physics & Demo design): ~23% 4b (Technologies, Test Facilities, Materials)~53% 4c (Stellarator Physics)~24%  Reliability of data regarding “staff” seems to be moderate Reliability of data regarding “cost” is even less reliable  A feedback from Associations would be welcome to fix mistakes and to clarify misunderstanding. See also proposal made by Francesco Gnesotto on objective 1. Summary and Initial Conclusions (Objective 4)

44. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 44 Backup slides

45. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 45 “Progress report of the CCE-FU Working Group on JET and Accompanying Programme (“Hasinger-Report”)

46. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 46 DEMO, PPCS: Physics Parameters ParameterABCD Fusion Power (GW)5.003.603.412.53 Plasma Current (MA)30.528.020.114.1 Plasma Density N GW 1.2 1.5 Plasma pressure  N 3.53.44.04.5 Bootstrap Fraction0.450.430.630.76 Confinement H 98(y,2) 1.2 1.31.2 P  + add (MW)1246990794577 P heat /R 2 (ITER=1)4.3 4.54.9 P heat /R 3 (ITER=1)2.83.23.85.0 Z eff 2.52.72.21.6 limited extrapolationadvanced

47. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 47 Existing devices can almost reach heating power densities of DEMO Impurity radiation densities of DEMO have been almost achieved, but with less confinement  Significant difference between AUG and JET in confinement Power densities, comparison PPCS APPCS CJETASDEX-U P heat (MW)124679433 (40)14 (27) P/P LH 4.53.83.4 P rad – P brems – P synch (MW)800617258.3 f* rad (without brems, synch. radiation) 0.640.780.760.6 P heat /R 2 (ITER=1)4.34.51.2 (1.4)1.6 (3.2) P* heat /R 2 (ITER=1) (wo br, synch. rad.) 4.35.21.6 (1.9)2.2 (4.2) P* rad /R 3 (ITER=1) (wo br, synch. rad.) 3.65.73.66.2 H 98(y,2) 1.21.30.711.1

48. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 48 PPCS: Plant Parameters ParameterABABCD Unit Size (GW e )1.551.331.461.451.53 Fusion Power (GW)5.003.604.293.412.53 Major Radius (m)9.558.69.567.56.1 Net efficiency0.31/0.330.360.340.420.60 Plasma Current (MA)30.528.030.020.114.1 Plasma Density N1.2 1.5 Plasma pressure  N 3.53.43.54.04.5 Bootstrap Fraction0.450.43 0.630.76 P add (MW)24627025711271 limited extrapolation advanced

49. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 49 PPCS: Nuclear Core Model AModel BModel AB Model CModel D Structural materialEurofer SiC/SiC CoolantWaterHelium LiPb/HeLiPb Coolant T in/out (°C)285 / 325300 / 500 480 / 700 300 / 480 700 / 1100 BreederLiPbLi 4 SiO 4 LiPb TBR1.061.121.131.151.12 Structural materialCuCrZrW alloy SiC/SiC Armour materialWWWWW CoolantWaterHelium LiPb Coolant T in/out (°C)140 / 170540 / 720 600 / 990 blanket divertor Optimisation of power conversion cycle allow to gain 4 percentage points in net efficiency.

50. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 50 Overview on Staff

51. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 51 Comparison of staff for O1 – O4  Most of the associations have a broad distribution between the objectives  But a specific sharing 2012-2013

52. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 52 Comparison of staff for O1 – O4  Most of the associations have a broad distribution between the objectives  But a specific sharing 2014-2018

53. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 53 Comparison of staff for O1 – O4  Most of the associations have a broad distribution between the objectives  But a specific sharing

54. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 54 Objective 4a: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO Summary sheet: Total cost submitted for the different categories Indicated cost, k€

55. CCF-FU Workshop on EU Fusion Roadmap, Garching, April 13-15 2011 55 Objective 4a: Technologies, Test Facilities and Materials for DEMO Summary sheet: Total staff submitted for the different categories Staff, ppy