Radiation Quantities and Units Chapter 3 Sherer

n Somatic effects n Long term somatic n Genetic effects n Box 3-1

n Tolerance dose was replaced with Maximum Permissible dose (MPD)-dose limits-effective dose n Safe occupations (clerical) has a risk of per year- same as radiography n EfD – type of radiation and the sensitivity of the tissue being exposed. The Sievert is the unit of measurement

n Exposure (X) n Absorbed dose (D) n Equivalent dose (EqD) – Not factoring in the effect on tissue n Effective dose (EfD) – Overall risk based on absorbed dose, tissue and type of radiation n See Box 3-3 n Absorbed Dose

n Quality Factor, pg 63 Sherer n LET pg 63 Sherer "rate in which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pair as it travels through matter“

n Rem = RAD x QF n LETS of 3% or less have a QF of 1 = same amount of damage of rad per rem n QUALITY FACTOR and weighting factor OF ALPHA IS 20 See box Table 3-2 Sherer n 1 RAD = 20 REM FOR ALPHA PARTICLE ABSORPTION

WHICH HAS A HIGHER LET NUMBER? n X-rays (HIGH OR LOW?) n Alpha (HIGH OR LOW?) n Beta (HIGH OR LOW?) n Gamma (HIGH OR LOW?)

n W R associated with Equivalent Dose- table 3-2 n W T associated with Effective Dose- table 3-3

Radiobiology and Cellular Biology (Bushong Chapter 33)

Pg 501 in Bushong

When an atom is ionized n Chemical binding properties change n in large molecules: breakage or relocation of molecules…become abnormal n Abnormal means n Function improperly n cease to function -impairment or death of cell

Damage is Reversible n Ionized atoms become neutral…How? n Molecules are mended by repair enzymes n Immediate response to radiation n Latent response n (Bushong) see Box 32-1

RADIATION INTERACTS AT ATOMIC LEVEL n Atoms combine to form molecules n The body is made of macromolecules n What is the definition of macromolecules?

With this kind of potential damage…. The government tends to get involved CHAPTER 9 SHERER

YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN n ICRP n NCRP n UNSCEAR n NAS/NRC-BEIR n NRC n EPA n FDA n OSHA

DEFINE n RSC n RSO n NCRP REPORT NO 116