Karyotyping Biology Miss Schwipperty. Questions  How many chromosomes come from your Father?  How many chromosomes come from your Mother?  What are.

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Presentation transcript:

Karyotyping Biology Miss Schwipperty

Questions  How many chromosomes come from your Father?  How many chromosomes come from your Mother?  What are chromosome pairs 1-22 called?  What is chromosome pair 23 called?

Karyotype  A photograph of an organism’s chromosomes  -homologous chromosomes are grouped together  Based on size, banding pattern, and location of centromere

Karyotype  Helpful in finding chromosomal abnormalities  Can NOT tell if baby has blue eyes!  Are there too many or too few chromosomes?  Are chromosomes missing sections?

Normal Female

Normal Male

Karyotype  Changes in chromosome number occur during NONDISJUNCTION  Chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosis

Monosomy  Fertilized zygote has only ONE copy of a particular chromosome

Trisomy  Fertilized zygote has THREE copies of a particular chromosome

 Monosomy and trisomy are often fatal to the embryo, but not always …

Trisomy 21: Downs Syndrome

 Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes …

Klinefelter’s Syndrome  XXY = male; unusually small testes, sterile. Breast enlargement and other feminine body characteristics. Normal intelligence.

Jacobs Syndrome XYY = male - Tall with heavy acne - Speech & reading XYY = male - Tall with heavy acne - Speech & reading problems problems - Aggressive tendency??? - Fertile

Triple X Syndrome  - XXX = female  - Fertile with normal intelligence

Turner Syndrome  the ONLY viable monosomy  Do NOT undergo puberty  XO = female ; sterile

Amniocentesis  Usually performed during 2 nd trimester (week 14-17)  Small amount amniotic fluid is tested for chromosomal abnormalities

 Can you name to following disorders?