The Future of the Hubble Space Telescope Steven Beckwith April 25, 2005 Space Telescope Science Institute

April 25, Hubble’s Future Science Potential Hubble’s high impact results from unique capabilities that address the most compelling science questions of our time. If Hubble is serviced, it will gain new capabilities to keep its rate of science as high as in the past decade. Four illustrative topics for HST unique science: Extra-solar planetary systems (STIS, NICMOS, COS) –Discovery of new planets –Study of atmospheres: constituents of life Cosmological acceleration of the universe (WFC3) –Distant supernovae and dark energy The edge of the visible universe (WFC3) –The first stars and galaxies after the Big Bang Mass of the universe (COS) –Mapping ordinary and dark matter

April 25, Planetary transit contrast 1% These eclipse observations are plotted to the same scale. Hubble spectroscopy requires a contrast S/N~10 4. Hubble Spitzer

April 25, Detecting Planets in the Galactic Bulge This is one-half an ACS field Sahu, Gilliland et al.

April 25, Supernova 1997cj GroundHubble HST and Distant Supernovae Hubble is uniquely capable of discovering supernovae at redshifts greater than 1 and measuring their brightness

High Redshift SN and Cosmological Parameters Fainter Brighter Faintness relative to Hubble flow (  m) Redshift z Empty universe Matter only (  M =1) Concordance theory   =0.73  M =0.27 Gray dust absorption Hubble only (infrared) New Hubble observations

UDF, size of distant galaxies 1”1” Distant galaxies are smaller than 1 second of arc

April 25, Observation speed to reach S/N=10 at spectral resolution  =20,000 at 1600 Å Relative speed of observation T exp (orbits) STIS COS Discovery potential OB stars in the Magellanic Clouds Brightest QSO (3C 273) QSO (z ~ 0.5) Starburst galaxies QSO (Reionization) Increasing # of objects Sensitivity at 100 relative to F = erg cm -2 s -1 Å -1 Unexplored discovery space COS Discovery Potential

April 25, Griffin on Hubble

April 25, Griffin on Hubble Servicing

April 25, Griffin on HST at Press Conference

April 25, Senator Inouye on Hubble

April 25, Space Shuttle Return to Flight Satellite photo April 13, 2005

April 25, Hubble Space Telescope Status Current science program robust –Hubble tops list in 2004 impact metrics –M51 release, planet-finding in bulge, massive stars, etc. Demand for observations remains high –Cycle 14 oversubscription: 4.7 (Cycle 13 was 5.7) –Consistent with loss of STIS (30% in Cycle 13) Hubble is technically robust for ~3 years –Batteries should function until ~mid-2010 (seviceable) –Science operations should continue until ~early gyro mode: no impact on science observations 1-gyro mode under study –ACS, NICMOS, FGS functioning well –Avionics, communications, and computers all OK SM4 preparation excellent –COS ready; WFC3 had good thermal-vac test –Robotic servicing Preliminary Design Review excellent –New batteries, gyros, FGS ready for launch 2-gyro guiding excellent

April 25, HST NASA’s “Great Observatory” Program produced 2.1% of discoveries Hubble discoveries included the Ultra-Deep Field showing some of the earliest galaxies, dark energy uniformly spread across the universe, planetary debris disks around sun-like stars, and discovery of Sedna (1.3%) Only one of the Top 25 Most Productive Space Programs had a discovery this year (Hubble) and in 2003 only five of the Top 25 had discoveries. “Davidson Science News Metric” for 2004

Discovery Potential: Wide Field Camera 3 Capabilities –Imaging from 2000 Å to 1.7  m –Slitless spectroscopy Huge improvement in near-UV, near-IR imaging Gemini AO Altair+NIRI Wavelength (µm) Discovery efficiency (sensitivity x area) ACS/WFC WFC3/IR WFC3/UV WFPC2 NIC3 UltraViolet Discovery Space Near-IR Discovery Space