© Oxford University Press 2001 Manufacturing systems Types of industries Locational factors Changing patterns JapanChinaHong Kong CE — Manufacturing activities

© Oxford University Press 2001 Manufacturing system Types of industries Locational factors Changing patterns Hong KongJapan S1 – Where are our factories moving to? S3 - Industrial miracle

© Oxford University Press 2001 CE Vs S1&3 Types of industries Manufacturing systems Locational factors Changing patterns JapanChinaHong Kong Types of industries Manufacturing systems Locational factors Changing patterns Hong Kong Japan

© Oxford University Press 2001 What is manufacturing? 1.Name the three types of industries, A, B and C. 2.Manufacturing refers to industry using _______________ to make things in __________. PrimarySecondary / ManufacturingTertiary / Service raw materials factories

© Oxford University Press 2001 What is a manufacturing system? 1.Name the three main components A, B and C of the manufacturing system. 2.Name the things needed (1-6) in the manufacturing system. 3.Name the things produced (7 & 8) after manufacturing. Inputs Processes Outputs Labour Power Raw materials Machines Transport Capital Wastes Goods

© Oxford University Press 2001 Types of industries Heavy industry  Heavy industry produces bulky and __________ products.  Light industry  Light industry uses small amount of ___________________ and power to make manufactured products. heavy raw materials

© Oxford University Press 2001 Types of industries  Capital-intensive industry uses expensive _____________ and needs much __________ to start.  Labour-intensive industry employs many __________. machinery money workers

© Oxford University Press 2001 Types of industries Power-oriented industry  Industries which locate near the places where the power resources are available are _______________- oriented industry. Raw material-oriented industry  Industries which locate near the places where the raw materials are produced are _______________- oriented industry. raw materialpower

© Oxford University Press 2001 Locational factors List the factors affecting the location of an industry.

© Oxford University Press 2001 Industrial development of Hong Kong Stage 1 – Small workshops repairing __________. Stage 2 – Many __________ industries such as textile industries were set up by migrants from the mainland. Most of them are __________-intensive. Stage 3 – __________ industries were developed. Stage 4 – Many factories have moved to other parts of ____________________. ships light labour Hi-tech South China

© Oxford University Press 2001 Relocation of industries in Hong Kong Describe the change in the locations of industries of Hong Kong. The industries of Hong Kong have been moving from the city centre to the New Territories. In recent years, many factories have been moved to South China.

© Oxford University Press 2001 Reasons for relocation of industries to S. China Push factors Pull factors

© Oxford University Press 2001 Reasons for relocation of industries to S. China It is __________ to HK. Industrialists know the place and have good ____________ Other factors Less __________ control on pollution ____________ treatment given to HK investors Strict government control on __________ Political factors __________ wages & rent Economic factors Pull factors in S. ChinaPush factors in Hong Kong HighLow pollution strict Preferential near connections

© Oxford University Press 2001 Where are the heavy industries located in Japan? 1.Name the four major industrial areas (A, B, C and D) of Japan. Keihin Chukyo Hanshin Northern Kyushu They are found along the __________ coast. This is known as the __________ Belt. Pacific 1.Describe the location of these major industrial areas.

© Oxford University Press 2001  In the past, heavy industries were mainly found near the __________ & the __________ ore fields.  They could be said to be __________-oriented and __________-oriented. Locational factors – Raw materials and fuels ironcoalfields power material

© Oxford University Press 2001  Now, a __________ location becomes more important because most of the fuels and raw materials are __________. Locational factors – Raw materials & Fuels coastal imported

© Oxford University Press 2001 Locational factors – Relief The major industrial regions are on the coastal ____________ of the __________ part of Japan, e.g. Seto-Naikai and __________ Bay. They are sheltered from strong __________ and __________. Many good __________ are developed here. lowland SE windstyphoons ports Tokyo

© Oxford University Press 2001 Locational factors – Major cities Most of them are found on the coastal ____________ of the _______ part of Japan. They provide __________ for industrial development. They are local __________ for the manufactured goods. lowland SE workers markets

© Oxford University Press 2001 What are the future changes in industrial development in Japan? In recent decades, many large manufacturing firms have become _______________ corporations. Their _____________ are still in Japan, but the ______________ bases and __________ outlets are in other regions. This trend is known as _______________. multinational headquarters production sales globalization