In your notes, compare the two pictures. List at least three similarities and at least three differences

The change of a species over time…. Millions of years

Changes in structure, function and behavior

Theory: An idea which is supported by extensive, repeated experiments, but not proven as law. Why isn’t evolution a law? Limited access to the past

Present day species developed (evolved) from earlier distinctly DIFFERENT species.

The “evolution” of Evolutionary Theories 1.) Lamarck’s Theory: Stated that structures appear because they are needed, Called the theory of Use & Disuse ex. Longer necks in giraffes

Weismann DISPROVED the theory that stated that acquired traits can be passed on to the next generation.

Charles Darwin “The Father of Evolution”

HOW DID DARWIN START? GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

1859 wrote book titled “Origin of the Species” Key Concepts 1. Species present now were not created in present forms instead they evolved from ancestral species 2. Natural Selection: causes evolution

States that only those organisms containing the best variations can survive and reproduce in a given environment

Adaptations Inherited trait Improves an organisms chance of survival Ex: Camouflage

Individuals who survive are the ones best adapted to exist in their environment

Formation of a new species due to favorable adaptations gradually accumulating, while unfavorable adaptations gradually disappear

Any organisms which can: 1. Interbreed 2. Produce fertile offspring 3. Under natural conditions

Darwin observed 13 species of finches on the Galápagos Islands that were similar except for differences in body size, beak shape, and eating habits.

Noticed that all finches were similar to 1 finch he saw on the South American coast Darwin reasoned that the Galápagos finches must have had to compete for food.

Finches with certain beak shapes that let them eat food survived longer & reproduced more than finches without those beak shapes

A person has been arrested on the charge that he robbed $50,000 from the First City National Bank last night. What must the district attorney do to prove that this man is the robber?

Is the sum total of all the fossils discovered and undiscovered and their placement in sedimentary rock layers Forms of Evidence

are the mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms A. Fossils

is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. Structure and form

A. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES When body parts look similar in different species but do not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats and whales.

anatomy whose bones are they? are evidence that a common ancestor exists for the organisms being studied Homologous Structures

Structures that are different but serve the same or similar purposes An example is the torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks B. Analogous Structures

describes homologous traits of organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution c. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES

study of comparative developmental anatomy

is the study of differences in chemical components among species Examples : Hemoglobin, DNA, Chromosomes

IS THE STUDY OF DIFFERENCES IN CELL STRUCTURE, COMPOSTION AND FUNCTION