BELLWORK What are some effects of Mustard Gas? What are some effects of Mustard Gas? Why were the first two years of WWI a stalemate? Why were the first two years of WWI a stalemate? Define mobilization Define mobilization THINKER: Define the word neutral. In which situations do you feel the U.S. should remain neutral? Explain and give examples! THINKER: Define the word neutral. In which situations do you feel the U.S. should remain neutral? Explain and give examples!

U.S. NEUTRALITY “We must be impartial in thought, as well as, action!” “We must be impartial in thought, as well as, action!”

U.S. NEUTRALITY In August 1914, Wilson officially declared the U.S. “neutral.” In August 1914, Wilson officially declared the U.S. “neutral.” Although “neutral,” the U.S. was secretly supplying food and supplies to the Allies and loaned them $2.25 billion. Although “neutral,” the U.S. was secretly supplying food and supplies to the Allies and loaned them $2.25 billion. Wilson was reelected in 1916 with the slogan, “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR!” Wilson was reelected in 1916 with the slogan, “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR!”

Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral? Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral? Be able to explain!!! Be able to explain!!!

German U-Boats German U-Boats, or submarines, were used to attack enemy ships. German U-Boats, or submarines, were used to attack enemy ships. Submarine Warfare: blockade a country and attack any ship that was thought to be carrying war supplies. Submarine Warfare: blockade a country and attack any ship that was thought to be carrying war supplies.

Lusitania May 7, 1915 – German submarine attacked the Lusitania, a British passenger ship. May 7, 1915 – German submarine attacked the Lusitania, a British passenger ship. The Germans believed the ship was secretly carrying weapons to Britain. The Germans believed the ship was secretly carrying weapons to Britain. Killed 1,000 people, including 128 Americans. Killed 1,000 people, including 128 Americans. Wilson struggles to maintain neutrality. Wilson struggles to maintain neutrality.

Closer to War Allies suffer major losses and beg the U.S. for help. Allies suffer major losses and beg the U.S. for help. Germany announces an unrestricted submarine campaign. Germany announces an unrestricted submarine campaign. Germans sink U.S. supply ships City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilante. Germans sink U.S. supply ships City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilante – Congress expands Army, National Guard, and Navy – Congress expands Army, National Guard, and Navy.

Zimmerman Note In January 1917, Arthur Zimmerman, a German official, proposed a deal with Mexico. In January 1917, Arthur Zimmerman, a German official, proposed a deal with Mexico. Mexico should ally itself with Germany to attack the U.S. Mexico should ally itself with Germany to attack the U.S. In return, Mexico would receive land lost to the U.S. in In return, Mexico would receive land lost to the U.S. in A British official intercepted Zimmerman’s telegram and spread the news to the U.S. A British official intercepted Zimmerman’s telegram and spread the news to the U.S.

Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral? Do you think the U.S. should remain neutral? Be able to explain!!! Be able to explain!!!

U.S. Declares War – April 2, 1917 “It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious that peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, - for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations. America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace she has treasured.” “It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious that peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, - for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations. America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace she has treasured.” Woodrow Wilson – War message to Congress Woodrow Wilson – War message to Congress

CLOSURE What was the Lusitania? What was the Lusitania? Describe submarine warfare. Describe submarine warfare. What was the Zimmerman Note? What was the Zimmerman Note? Explain the transition from U.S. neutrality to the declaration of war. Explain the transition from U.S. neutrality to the declaration of war.

War Effort at Home The U.S. prepared for war in multiple ways. The U.S. prepared for war in multiple ways. In groups you are going to read about a specific action the U.S. took during WWI. In groups you are going to read about a specific action the U.S. took during WWI. As you read, decide on the most important concepts. As you read, decide on the most important concepts. As a group, you will teach the class about your topic. As a group, you will teach the class about your topic. They will be taking a couple notes so make sure you are clear and confident about your topic! They will be taking a couple notes so make sure you are clear and confident about your topic!

War Effort at Home Liberty Bonds Liberty Bonds Rationing Rationing Victory Gardens Victory Gardens The Draft The Draft Internal Fear Internal Fear Women Women

WWI – A Letter Home During WWI, many people wrote letters to their loved ones at home or fighting in the war. During WWI, many people wrote letters to their loved ones at home or fighting in the war. For this assignment, you are to write a ½ page letter in the role of either For this assignment, you are to write a ½ page letter in the role of either A citizen writing to a soldier overseas A citizen writing to a soldier overseas A U.S. soldier writing to loved ones at home. A U.S. soldier writing to loved ones at home. Take the role of your character! Make your letter believable. Take the role of your character! Make your letter believable. You must also use FIVE vocabulary words we’ve talked about during WWI. You must also use FIVE vocabulary words we’ve talked about during WWI.

WWI Vocab Words Central Powers Central Powers Allied Powers Allied Powers Trench Trench Mustard Gas Mustard Gas Stalemate Stalemate Mobilization Mobilization Neutrality Neutrality Nationalism Nationalism Victory Garden Victory Garden Liberty Bond Liberty Bond Conscription (draft) Conscription (draft) Submarine Warfare Submarine Warfare Militarism Militarism No Man’s Land No Man’s Land Imperialism Imperialism Alliance Alliance