The Cell Cycle/Division/Mitosis Unit 4

The Cell Cycle Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

Click here for definition CDK Click here for definition Cyclin (Synthesis)

M phase has 4 stages plus Cytokinesis!! Cell Cycle Expanded M phase has 4 stages plus Cytokinesis!! Movie

Interphase Performs normal activities for life. G1-Grows S-Replicates/synthesizes the DNA(genetic material) G2-Grows DNA is in the chromatin state (kind of like spaghetti)

What are the stages/phases of Mitosis?

Centrioles appear

Centrioles move

Spindle fibers grow from the centrioles center of the cell

(DNA/Chromosomes)

Two new nuclei form Cell membrane pinches in

This process ends the cell cycle. Cytokinesis This process ends the cell cycle.

Cytokinesis new

CELLS AFTER COMPLETING THE CELL CYCLE

How is mitosis different in plant and animal cells?

During Telophase and Cytokinesis in Plant cell--a cell wall forms between the two daughter cells Animal cell --cell membrane pinching in for cytokinesis no cell wall forms

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Animal Cell Telophase Anaphase

Plant Cells

Understanding Chromosomes The genetic material inside the nucleus goes by many different names. The name depends on how it is packaged or where it is located in the cell.

Understanding Chromosomes Nucleus Sister Chromatids Protein

Tightly coiled DNA strand Centromere

Chromosome number during the Cell Cycle 2 4 4 4 2 2 Interphase Cytokinesis

Asexual Reproduction When one organism produces one or more new organisms that can live on their own. Reproduction without sperm and egg uniting.

Binary fission Parent cell splits in two, producing identical daughter cells. Not mitosis because there is no nucleus but the DNA does get copied and transferred to the next generation.

Budding Organisms produce buds “mini-me” that will grow into a genetically identical adult. Bud Yeast (unicellular) Hydra (Multicellular)

Regeneration New tissue growth at the site of a wound

Propagating Plants from Stem Cuttings (a type of Regeneration)

Why Choose Asexual Reproduction? --Advantages Rapid population growth No fertilization of an egg cell-no need of a partner. Organism can remain in one particular place Genetically identical copies of the parent-- adapted to the environment. Each spot on this Petri dish is a bacterial colony started by one bacterium. By the time a colony is visible to the human eye, it consists of at least one million cells.

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction? Streptococcus bacteria. No genetic difference, change is environment can be deadly to entire population. Any mutations or "bad" qualities will be passed on. Antibiotic change the environment for the bacteria that cause Strep-throat. In most cases all of the bacteria will die. Strep Throat infection

CDK- a molecule that plays a key role in controlling the cell cycle. Cyclin-regulates CDK

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