Application of Models-3/CMAQ to Phoenix Airshed Sang-Mi Lee and Harindra J. S. Fernando Environmental Fluid Dynamics Program Arizona State University.

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Presentation transcript:

Application of Models-3/CMAQ to Phoenix Airshed Sang-Mi Lee and Harindra J. S. Fernando Environmental Fluid Dynamics Program Arizona State University

Outline  Study Area – Phoenix Basin  MM5 Simulation  Models-3/CMAQ Result  Process Analysis of CMAQ

Topography of Phoenix and its Surroundings

v Non-Attainment Area of the NAAQS for O 3, PM 10, and CO v PAFEX (Phoenix Air Flow Experiment) PAFEX-1 (January 14 - February 1, 1998) PAFEX-2 (July 1 - September 15, 1998) Spatial and Vertical distribution of Pollutants Mean & turbulent measurements of meteorology v 1998 Phoenix Ozone Study (June , 2001) Aircraft measurements for VOC & Oxides v 2001 Phoenix Ozone Study (June , 2001) 3-D Spatial & Temporal distribution of Ozone & Oxides As well as meteorology Air Quality in Phoenix

 Study Case  0400 LST July 22 – 0000 LST July 24, 1996  Spatial Dimension  2 km horizontal grid spacing  31 vertical layers  Meteorological data  MM5 + FDDA  IV & BV : NCEP Eta Analysis 40 km output  Emission data  Prepared with EPS2 for UAM  From Arizona Department of Environmental Quality  Initial value & Boundary value Near surface concentration : routine monitoring data Upper level :Ozone & VOC aircraft measurement in 1998 Design of Numerical Experiments

Ground Level Wind Field 0400 LST July 22 nd – 2300 LST July 23 rd

Validation of MM5 output

Bowen Ratio ~ 4

Correlation between MM5 vs Observations Temperature u-component v-component (r=0.9)(r=0.4)(r=0.4)

Ground Level Ozone Concentration 0400 LST July 22 nd – 2300 LST July 23 rd

Downtown Phoenix Mountain Area Ground Level Ozone Concentration

Emission Inventory

Emission vs. concentration Downtown Eastern Valley

Local Time Temporal & Vertical Variation of Ozone

Prediction vs. Observation: O 3

Prediction vs. Observation: CO

Observation: PBL growth & Ozone PBL Growth Ozone June 25 th, 2001

1-D Column Application & Budget of each Process

Downtown Site (Super Site) Downstream Site (Blue Point Bridge)

Downtown vs Downstream

Middle Level Ozone Maximum Ground Ozone High Ozone Reservoir Chemistry -- Vertical Mixing ++ Deposition - Chemistry + Vertical Mixing - Chemistry 0/+ Vertical Mixing + Deposition - Horizontal Transport + Schematics for Daytime Ozone Physics

Ozone Free Air Mass Ozone Reservoir Chemistry - - Intermittent Turbulence ++ Horizontal Transport + (Gust front, K-H instability +) Chemistry -/0 Vertical Intermittent Mixing - Schematics for Nighttime Ozone Physics

Summary  Meteorology in Phoenix area was reasonably reproduced by MM5. The correlation coefficients between MM5 and observations at surface layer were as high as 0.9 for temperature and 0.4 for both u- and v- wind components.  Downstream region has higher ozone concentration than downtown region due to advection by local circulation as well as active NO x chemistry  In Phoenix metropolitan area, the increase of ground level ozone concentration was contributed by vertical dispersion rather than photochemical construction  In downstream of the urban area, ground level ozone was increased by chemical production as well as vertical dispersion