Lumberton High Sci Vis II V205.05

 Deoxyribonucleic acid  Large molecule called a polymer  Polymer means molecule with many units  Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides

 Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose  Deoxyribose contain a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases  4 nitrogen bases  A for adenine  G for guanine  C for cytosine  T for thymine

 Adenine and guanine  The larger of the 2 types of bases  Have a double ring structure Adenine Guanine

 Cytosine and Thymine  Have a single ring structure Cytosine Thymine

 3 oxygen and 5 carbon atoms which make up the DNA “backbone”  The hydroxyl groups’ carbons link to phosphates to form this “backbone” dAMP: Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing adenine, a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, part of DNA structure. dCMP: Deoxycytosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing cytidine, a 2'-deoxy sugar, and phosphate, part of DNA structure.

 DNA is composed of twisting strands of nucleotides  Each strand is a helix or spiral staircase  2 strands are bound together to create a double helix Double helix

 A & T always join together and form 2 hydrogen bonds  C & G always join together and form 3 hydrogen bonds  Think A & T and UNCG to remember these.

 Method of identification that compares fragments of DNA  DNA is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus  DNA of each individual is unique, with identical twins being the only exception

 A “fingerprint” is constructed by  Obtaining a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid  Cutting this sample into pieces using enzymes  Arranging these pieces using gel electrophoresis

 Refers to the forced movement of molecules by electricity  Separates macromolecules (large molecules) on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties.  The gel is like Jell-o.  Electrophoresis describes the moving of the charged DNA  Electro: energy of electricity  Phoros: to carry across

 Holes created in gel to hold DNA solution  DNA solutions loaded into holes  Gel is “excited” by electricity and small molecules move through the gel  Photograph is taken to save the results of the fingerprint  2 matching fingerprints indicate they are probably from identical sources

 Discovery of genetic causes of diseases  Mapping the human genome (2003)  Forensic science  Paternity testing

 Adenine and guanine - networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm  Thymine and cytosine - networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm  dAMP & dCMP - org/glossary/glossary_7.cf m org/glossary/glossary_7.cf m

 Double helix - pendoor/200507/images/ double-helix.jpg pendoor/200507/images/ double-helix.jpg  A&T logo –  UNCG logo –