ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 1 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved INTRODUCTION Introduction to Pipeline Transportation Risk Analysis Jeff LaHucik Rail Transportation and Engineering Center – RailTEC Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, U.S.A.

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 2 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Uses of Crude Oil Fuel for transportation: cars, trucks, and airplanes Pharmaceuticals Agriculture Plastics

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 3 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Current Infrastructure: Pipelines

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 4 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Current Infrastructure: Crude Oil Pipelines

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 5 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Current Infrastructure: Pipeline Statistics 2.3 million miles of pipeline in the United States. 155,000 miles of which transport hazardous materials. Only 55,000 out of 2.3 million miles of pipeline transport crude oil; 2.39%, by mile, of the total pipeline infrastructure in the U.S.

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 6 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Maintenance: Smart Pigs Inserted into pipelines and propelled by the product being transported, smart pigs monitor the internal conditions of the pipeline They can detect defects, measure wall thickness, record precise location of corrosion, and measure the cathodic protection (used to prevent corrosion) still in place.

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 7 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Current Infrastructure: Oil Transportation Crude oil pipelines in the U.S. currently transport approximately 7.1 billion barrels per year. A majority of the flow of crude oil is concentrated in the midwest corridor, ranging from the gulf states to the oil refineries of the midwest. Increasing amounts of Canadian oil sands crude oil is being imported to the U.S. via pipeline.

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 8 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Current Infrastructure: Oil Transportation Crude oil pipelines are currently running at their maximum capacity, as a result crude oil transportation by rail has risen 166% in the past 12 months. Shipping crude oil via pipeline is one-third the price by rail.

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 9 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Developing Infrastructure: Seaway Pipeline Joint venture between Enterprise Products Partners L.P. and Enbridge Inc. Connects Cushing, Oklahoma to Freeport, Texas 500 miles of 30 inch diameter pipe Capacity of 250,000 barrels per day Anticipated operation: early 2014

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 10 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Developing Infrastructure: Flanagan South Pipeline Project by Enbridge Inc. Connects Flanagan, Illinois to Cushing, Oklahoma 600 miles of 36 inch diameter pipe Capacity of 600,000 barrels per day Anticipated operation: mid-2014

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 11 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Developing Infrastructure: Keystone XL Pipeline Project by Trans Canada Connects Hardisty, Alberta to Steele City, Nebraska 1,179 miles of 36 inch diameter pipe Capacity of 830,000 barrels per day Anticipated operation: 2015

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 12 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Developing Infrastructure: Gulf Coast Pipeline Project by Trans Canada Connects Cushing, Oklahoma to Nederland, Texas 485 miles of 36 inch diameter pipe Capacity of 830,000 barrels per day Anticipated operation: late 2013

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 13 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements The development of this presentation is partially supported by the following organizations. The opinions expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of these organizations. National University Rail (NURail) Center U.S. DOT RITA University Transportation Center

ILLINOIS - RAILTEC Slide 14 © 2013 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. All Rights Reserved Copyright Restrictions and Disclaimer Presentation Author Jeff LaHucik Undergraduate Research Assistant Rail Transportation & Engineering Center Civil & Environmental Engineering Department University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign B118 Newmark Civil Engineering Lab, MC N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL It is the author’s intention that the information contained in this file be used for non-commercial, educational purposes with as few restrictions as possible. However, there are some necessary constraints on its use as described below. Copyright Restrictions and Disclaimer: The materials used in this file have come from a variety of sources and have been assembled here for personal use by the author for educational purposes. The copyright for some of the images and graphics used in this presentation may be held by others. Users may not change or delete any author attribution, copyright notice, trademark or other legend. Users of this material may not further reproduce this material without permission from the copyright owner. It is the responsibility of the user to obtain such permissions as necessary. You may not, without prior consent from the copyright owner, modify, copy, publish, display, transmit, adapt or in any way exploit the content of this file. Additional restrictions may apply to specific images or graphics as indicated herein. The contents of this file are provided on an "as is" basis and without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. The author makes no warranties or representations, including any warranties of title, noninfringement of copyright or other rights, nor does the author make any warranties or representation regarding the correctness, accuracy or reliability of the content or other material in the file.