SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Professor Adam Green Lecture #18 Globalization 13 March 13

GLOBALIZATION Globalization is a social, economic and political process that brings into contact and integrates people, markets, goods and services, culture, ideas, technology and capital.* *General definition that implies a functionalist philosophy because it assumes that the phenomenon of globalization functions to increase integration and is based in consensus

Indicators of Globalization, 1981/ /9 1981/22007/9% Δ International tourist arrivals (millions of people) Foreign direct investment (billions of dollars) 591,5382,507 Internet hosts (millions) m.319 m. Number of international organizations (thousands)

FOLLOWING THE GLOBAL FOOTPRINTS OF A SNEAKER

GLOBAL COMMODITY CHAIN

NIKE in INDONESIA

Transnational Corporations Transnational corporations – also called multinational or international corporations – are the most important agents of globalization in the world today. They are giant companies that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell on world markets, operate with considerable autonomy from national governments, and depend for growth of on new management skills, design innovations, and massive advertising campaigns.

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

TRANSNATIONAL COPORATION TAXATION?

McDonaldization, Glocalization, and Regionalization  McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency, calculability, and predictability – are coming to dominate the world. McDonaldization extends Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application of the most efficient means to achieve given ends.  Glocalization refers to the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization.  Regionalization refers to the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas

The Regionalization of World Trade This graphic illustrates the network of world trade in The thickness of lines shows the volume of trade between countries. Colors distinguish regional trading blocs. Note that most world trade took place within regional trading blocs, with the United States, Germany, and Japan at the center of each of the three main blocs. (Note: The graphic does not include China, which has become the centre of a fourth trading bloc since the early 90s.)

SEATTLE, 1999 ANTI WTO PROTEST 2Mrw

Neoliberal Globalization Neoliberal globalization is a policy that promotes private control of industry, minimal government interference in the running of the economy, the removal of taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations that discourage the international buying and selling of goods and services, and the encouragement of foreign investment.

MARX & WALLERSTEIN

REVIEW OF WALLERSTEIN kX3CP0

Aid to Developing Countries as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product, OECD Countries, countries above line 20 countries below line Level recommended by United Nations Aid as percentage of GDP

Towards Democratic Globalization  Increase foreign aid to level recommended by UN  Cancel poor countries’ debt.  Support democracy in the developing world.