EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal for Flight Test Risk Assessments

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Objective Propose an alternative method to evaluate Flight Test Point Execution during Risk Assessments

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution Agenda

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Test Point Execution System Failure Flight Envelope Greater of All Three Final Risk Classification OBS: Each one of them are analyzed separately and considered mutually exclusive. Risk Assessment Present Day Concept

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Final Risk Classification Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Minimizing Risk Procedures Mitigation Procedures -simulation -training -systems improvements -analysis…etc -helicopter standing by -ambulance -firefighters -helmets parachutes -Tailchute…etc

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Methodology came from past experience and was based on the FAA and ANAC (Brazilian Certification Authority) approved Risk Assessment Methodology Nowadays, at Embraer, the CH is used to evaluate TPE Risk along with Three Flags Scale Focused on TPE point of view only Risk Assessment Present Day Concept

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution Agenda

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Risk According to the Methodology:

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Risk Few more points to take into account Cooper-Harper scale is intended to evaluate the Flying Qualities of an aircraft for a specific MISSION. Cooper-Harper scale is supposed to be applied to a defined TASK. This task should define what is DESIRABLE and ADEQUATE flying performance. The CH rate is obtained AFTER the maneuver is done by the test pilot. A high Cooper Harper grade DO NOT necessarily mean a HIGH Risk maneuver.

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution Agenda

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution 1.Alternative way to go 2.Participation of several test pilots and FTEs 3.Focus on what a test pilot should consider 4.DETECT if certain risks are present 5.Designed ONLY for test point execution risk evaluation

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board THREE FLAGS Test Point Execution SCALE I – Detect training or gradual approach necessities Training Try-outs Gradual Approach Can the lack or necessity of these affect Safety ? Is Needed ? And III – Detect Recovering or Discontinuing possibilities Recovering Discontinuing When The maneuver, is there a probable chance to get into unsafe situation ? II – Detect Errors Tolerances Test Tolerances Positioning Tolerances Do Affect safety if exceeded or disregarded ? And Can be Considered to be tight ?

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board QUESTION 1 RATIONALE -Indication of increased execution risk -Focus ONLY on the safety point of view (NO performance aspects) QUESTION 2 RATIONALE -How close to the aircraft limits X margins for errors -Area Restriction QUESTION 3 RATIONALE - “Difficult to handle” - Robustness and easiness of the recovering - Experience on the type of aircraft and lessons learned HELPS !! “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board “Three Flags” TPE was successfully applied during the Embraer Phenom 100 development phase for the following Flight Test Campaigns: 1.Automatic Flight Control System 2.Controllability and Maneuverability 3.Stability 4.Autopilot Servo Sizing 5.Takeoff Transition 6.Minimum Control Speeds 7.Fuel Heat Management 8.Steering Test Without Shimmy Damper 9.In-Flight Thrust Determination 10.Engine In-Flight Start 11.Engine Inlet Distortion 12.ANAC Familiarization Flight “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Example: Test Point – Maximum Dive Speed Demonstrated in Flight ( Vdf ) Determination Aircraft: Choose an aircraft you are currently flying. Configuration: UP/0 Initial Altitude: ±1000 ft Trim Speed: Vmo Minimum Recovery Altitude: ft 1. TRIM aircraft at Vmo/Mmo during 10 seconds; 2. ESTABLISH a pitch attitude 7.5° (pushover maneuver Nz=0.5g) below the trimmed attitude and maintain during 20 seconds. Do not reduce thrust; 3. PERFORM a pull up maneuver with load factor 1.5g. After start pull up, THRUST REDUCTION may be used, if required. “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board MANEUVER QUESTIONS FLAGSTPE 123 Vdf/Mdf Determination 2MEDIUM Example: Vdf is the maximum speed demonstrated in dive flight.

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Embraer Phenom 100 Aircraft

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board CONCLUSIONS “Three Flags” Test Point Execution Scale R.A. Easier and Straight to the Point Focused on what WILL be done (future) Simple to use Consistent grades attribution

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board “Flying is an unnatural act so be ready. Prepare yourself till you think you were born that way.”

EMBRAER – Safety Review Board Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal for Flight Test Risk Assessments Maximilian Kleinübing, B.S.,Flight Test Engineer