Ch. 9 section 1 Launching the New Government Main Idea: President George Washington and the Congress began to set up the new national government. Why It Matters: The strength of the U.S. today is because of the decisions the Founding Fathers made about how to organize the government

Washington becomes the first president His inauguration (the ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office) was held on April 30, 1789. Washington had several reasons to feel anxious as he started his term as President. The country was divided on many issues. His actions would set a precedent (an act or a decision that sets an example for others to follow) The new nation depended on him. Presedent We just talked about them, what were the issues? What do you call, an act or a decision…

The first job of the President and the Congress was to put a working government in place. Congress passed laws to set up the three departments of the executive branch. Whose in charge of the executive branch of gov? The P. Treasury State War

The first cabinet Washington appointed his top advisors, later known as the Cabinet (group of officials who are the heads of different departments and act as advisors to the president) Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State Henry Knox Secretary of War Edmund Randolph Attorney General

Hamilton and Jefferson were both brilliant men, but both had very different political views and often disagreed.

Quick Check Cabinet Precedent Inauguration a) an act or a decision that sets an example for others to follow b) the ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office c) group of officials who are the heads of different departments and act as advisors to the president Cabinet Precedent Inauguration

Creation of the Federal Court System Washington and Congress created a judicial system. The Judiciary Act of 1789 provided for a Supreme Court with 6 judges (1 Chief Justice and 5 Associate Justices), federal circuit courts, and federal district courts. The Judiciary Act also stated that the Supreme Court was the highest court in the land. Today, the court has been increased to nine justices (an odd number prevents a tie if they vote

Plans to build the economy… Hamilton as a Secretary of the Treasury faces many challenges. 1. Bank of the United States -to encourage economic growth Why a national bank? -Give the government a safe place to keep money -Make loans to business and government -Issue paper money

Plans to build the economy Hamilton asked to pass 2. Tariff, or tax, on imported foreign goods-to make imported goods more expensive than American-made goods. Hamilton and many northerners wanted a high tariff to protect American goods from foreign competition. Southern farmers opposed a high tariff. Congress passed a tariff, but it was lower than the tariff Hamilton wanted.

Reducing the Nation’s debt 3. The problem: The United States had a huge national debt (the total amount of money that a government owes to others). The American colonies needed money for the war The new government owed money to its investors The national government and state governments had borrowed by issuing bonds (certificates that promise to repay the money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date)

Secretary of the Treasury-Alexander Hamilton The debate: Hamilton—believed in a strong central government which must repay both federal and state debts by buying up the old bonds and issuing new ones. In 1790, he proposed the plan: Pay off all debts (state and federal) Create a national bank Madison—Hamilton’s plan would reward speculators—people who make a risky investment in hopes of a large profit. They should not make a big profit on the war. Besides, most southern states have already paid their debts. Other states should do the same.

Results of the plan 1. Sectionalism - loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country. Many Americans started to identify themselves as southerners, northerners, or westerners. In Congress they started to clash.

Results of the plan 2. Hamilton’s Compromise Some people liked his plan, and some did not. Many of those who hated it were southerners. So, Hamilton promised to support southerners on putting the nation’s capital in the South, if southerners agreed to his plan for repaying state debts.

Results of the plan Results: 3. The Whiskey Rebellion Causes: To help pay off the war debt, Washington started to tax whiskey. The farmers who grew the grain to make the whiskey were angry. The Whiskey Rebellion – a group of farmers rebelled against the tax in 1794 in Pennsylvania. Results: Washington sent armies to end the rebellion – this showed the government had power and that violence would not be tolerated.

Political parties form Americans were divided over how the nation should be run. Disagreements over Alexander Hamilton’s financial program and wanting to create a national bank split Congress into sections. Political party – a group of people that try to promote ideas & influence government Jefferson & Madison = Democratic- Republican Party Hamilton = Federalist Party

The group of officials chosen to assist the President is called House of Representatives Congress Cabinet Senate judicial, cabinet, set precedent c

Which one of the following statements best describes the Judiciary Act? It organized the federal court system b) it appointed a Chief Justice c) It appointed Associate Justice d) It established district courts b

The Whiskey Rebellion was a reaction to A tax placed on liquor attacks by the French Jay’s Treaty A tariff placed on foreign goods brought into the country a

a) Cabinet b) national debt c) precedents d) Tariff e) bonds 1. Washington set many acts that serve as examples for others too follow. 2. Washington’s group of officials who advise the President included many well know leaders. 3. A gov. borrowed money by issuing certificates that promise to repay money loaned plus interest on a certain date. 4. Hamilton developed a plan to repay the total sum of money that national government owes. 5. To protect American industry, Hamilton called for a tax that makes imported goods more expensive than goods produced within a country.