Basic Chemistry for Biology

1. What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

2. What is a physical property? Give an example. A physical property can be measured, observed or described. State like: Solid, Liquid Gas are examples and so are properties like color or density.

3. What is a chemical property? Give examples. A chemical property is something that can be observed during a chemical reaction or is simply the elements it is made of. Examples: How combustible something is or the elements that it is made of.

4. What is a physical change? Give an example. A physical change is when there is a change that affects the form but not the identity of something. Melting, tearing, freezing, or breaking something into pieces are examples.

5. What is a chemical change? Give an example. When a compound or element combines with another and a new substance is formed. Examples include cooking food, burning wood, combustion, or chemical reactions.

6. Place in order of complexity smallest to most complex. 1. Electron 2. Nucleus 3. Atom 4. Molecule 5. Element 6. Compound 7. Cell 8. Tissue 9. Organism

7. What is an element? An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom.

8. Draw the structure of an atom indicating location and charge of the components.

9. How do you determine the atomic number of an atom? The atomic number is based on the number of protons an element has.

10. How do you determine the atomic mass of an element? The atomic mass is the average number of all of the atoms protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

11. What is an isotope? Give an example. An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Carbon-12 and Carbon- 14 are isotopes of carbon. Bothe have 6 protons but one has 6 neutrons while the other has 8

12. Describe two uses for radioisotopes. PET scans, MRIs or other imaging To kill bacteria as in irradiated fruit To treat cancer

13. What is a compound? A compound is two or more elements in definite proportions. H 2 0

14. Describe how and where electrons are arranged or configured in an atom. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in energy levels where 2 can be in the closest orbital, up to 8 can be in the second orbital and up to 8 in the third.

15. Compare and contrast covalent and ionic bonds. How are they formed? Covalent bonds are formed when two elements share one or more electrons Ionic bonds are formed when an electron is transferred from one atom to another

16. How are ions formed? Ions form when an atom either gains or gives up an electron.

17. What is a molecule? A molecule is the smallest unit of a molecule.

18. What information is given in a chemical formula? A chemical formula gives: The elements that are included The ratio they occur in the compound.

19. What information is given in a structural formula? A structural formula shows how atoms are bonded.

20. What is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction is when a substance is changed into a different substance.

20. What are the parts of a chemical equation? A chemical equation includes: Reactants and products Arrow shows the direction of the process The ratio and number of molecules involved. 2H 2 + O 2 = 2H 2 O