Kinds of Union Arrangements Four General Types of Union Arrangements Four General Types of Union Arrangements Closed Shops Closed Shops Employer agrees to only hire union members Employer agrees to only hire union members Taft-Hartley Act made closed shops illegal Taft-Hartley Act made closed shops illegal Union Shops Union Shops Do not have to belong to be hired Do not have to belong to be hired Must join soon after being hired Must join soon after being hired Cannot require membership before 30 days of employment Cannot require membership before 30 days of employment 21 states prohibit mandatory union membership 21 states prohibit mandatory union membership

Kinds of Union Arrangements Modified Union Shops Modified Union Shops Workers do not have to belong to a union to be hired Workers do not have to belong to a union to be hired Cannot be made to join one to keep their jobs Cannot be made to join one to keep their jobs If they choose to join, they must remain members If they choose to join, they must remain members Agency Shops Agency Shops Workers need not be union members to be hired or keep their jobs Workers need not be union members to be hired or keep their jobs Must pay dues to the union Must pay dues to the union Nonunion workers are subject to contract negotiated by the union Nonunion workers are subject to contract negotiated by the union

Collective Bargaining Meeting between representatives for labor and management Meeting between representatives for labor and management Elected union officials represent laborers Elected union officials represent laborers Company officials in charge of labor represent management Company officials in charge of labor represent management Grievance procedures are used Grievance procedures are used Provision for resolving issues Provision for resolving issues Mediation – 3 rd party trying to come up with a solution both sides like Mediation – 3 rd party trying to come up with a solution both sides like Neither side has to accept the mediator’s recommendation Neither side has to accept the mediator’s recommendation Arbitration – third party decision, which if final Arbitration – third party decision, which if final Voluntary arbitration – both sides agree Compulsory arbitration – one side is forced Voluntary arbitration – both sides agree Compulsory arbitration – one side is forced

Collective Bargaining More Grievance Procedures More Grievance Procedures Fact-Finding Fact-Finding Agree to have a 3 rd party investigate issues and recommend settlements Agree to have a 3 rd party investigate issues and recommend settlements Proves one side over another Proves one side over another Injunction and Seizure Injunction and Seizure Injunction – a court order not to act Injunction – a court order not to act Can direct a union not to strike Can direct a union not to strike Can direct a company not to lock out workers Can direct a company not to lock out workers Seizure – government takes over operations Seizure – government takes over operations Presidential Intervention Presidential Intervention President will appeal to both sides of a dispute President will appeal to both sides of a dispute