Chapter 4 – Earth’s Water Lesson 2 – The Water Cycle © Brent Coley 2009 |

What makes water change form? Water can be in three forms, or states: Water can be in three forms, or states: solid - ice solid - ice liquid - water in a glass or lake liquid - water in a glass or lake gas (water vapor) - invisible gas in the air or steam gas (water vapor) - invisible gas in the air or steam

What makes water change form? evaporation: liquid changing to gas when it heats up evaporation: liquid changing to gas when it heats up condensation: gas changing to liquid when it cools down condensation: gas changing to liquid when it cools down

What makes water change form? melting: solid changing to liquid when it heats up melting: solid changing to liquid when it heats up freezing: liquid changing to solid when it cools down freezing: liquid changing to solid when it cools down

solid + heat = liquid + heat = gas gas - heat = liquid - heat = solid meltingevaporation condensation freezing

What happens to water after it evaporates? Evaporated water goes up into the air and is moved by wind (moving air). Evaporated water goes up into the air and is moved by wind (moving air). Air is made of particles of gases like oxygen. Air is made of particles of gases like oxygen.

What happens to water after it evaporates? warm air: warm air: less particles less particles particles move faster and spread out particles move faster and spread out cold air: cold air: more particles more particles particles closer together particles closer together warm air cold air

What happens to water after it evaporates? Warm air rises. Warm air rises. Cold air, because it has more particles, is heavier and sinks. Cold air, because it has more particles, is heavier and sinks.

What happens to water after it evaporates? Sea breeze: Sea breeze: Land heats up during the day. Land heats up during the day. Air above the land gets warmer and rises. Air above the land gets warmer and rises. Air over water sinks and blows toward land to replace rising warm air. Air over water sinks and blows toward land to replace rising warm air. Moves from water to land. Moves from water to land.

What happens to water after it evaporates? Land breeze: Land breeze: At night, land cools off faster than water. At night, land cools off faster than water. Air stays warmer longer over water, so it rises. Air stays warmer longer over water, so it rises. Air over land sinks and blows toward water. Air over land sinks and blows toward water. Moves from land to water. Moves from land to water.

How do clouds form? When liquid water evaporates, it becomes water vapor and rises. When liquid water evaporates, it becomes water vapor and rises. As water vapor rises, it cools down & turns back to tiny liquid water droplets (condensation). As water vapor rises, it cools down & turns back to tiny liquid water droplets (condensation). When more and more water droplets collect, a cloud is formed. When more and more water droplets collect, a cloud is formed.

How do clouds form? Cirrus clouds: Cirrus clouds: Form high in the sky Form high in the sky Are thin and wispy Are thin and wispy

How do clouds form? Cumulus clouds: Cumulus clouds: Puffy and white Puffy and white

How do clouds form? Stratus clouds: Stratus clouds: Low-flying clouds Low-flying clouds Spread like a blanket across the sky Spread like a blanket across the sky

Will it rain? Precipitation: water that falls from the air. Precipitation: water that falls from the air. It comes in four forms: It comes in four forms: Rain Rain Sleet Sleet Hail Hail Snow Snow

Will it rain? Rain: Rain: Liquid drops of water that fall when the temperature is above 32° F (freezing point of water). Liquid drops of water that fall when the temperature is above 32° F (freezing point of water).

Will it rain? Sleet: Sleet: Mixture of rain and snow Mixture of rain and snow

Will it rain? Hail: Hail: Frozen rain drops Frozen rain drops Forms in layers – wind keeps pushing hailstone back up until it gets large enough to fall Forms in layers – wind keeps pushing hailstone back up until it gets large enough to fall

Will it rain? Snow: Snow: Water vapor turns directly into solid flakes (crystals). Water vapor turns directly into solid flakes (crystals). Occurs when temperature is below 32° F. Occurs when temperature is below 32° F.

The Water Cycle Evaporation CondensationPrecipitation

Water bottle, hail, and cloud images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons and used under a Creative Commons Attribution license. All other images courtesy of Microsoft Office Online.