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Climate Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

Hot Air Rises Air can hold less water at higher altitudes 1. Hot air rises over land due to heating by the sun. 2. The rising air leaves less air in one spot, low pressure forms. 3. Generally, from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, the air cools, high pressure develops. 4. Meanwhile, over the cooler water, air sinks, leaving less air aloft. 5. More air piles up at the surface of the water, high pressure forms. 6. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. 7. The sea breeze generally forms during the afternoon. This creates a mini cold front that helps lift air upward to create thunderstorms.

Hadley Cells Image courtesy of NASA

Coriolis Force Result of earth spinning In Northern Hemisphere, Coriolis Force deflects moving objects to the RIGHT Force is proportional to velocity Force is a function of latitude (zero at equator)

Winds Trade Winds Westerlies Image courtesy of NASA

SeaBreezes and Monsoons Land heats up faster than ocean Air moves from high to low pressure Cold air holds less water vapor Diurnal—Sea Breeze Seasonal--Monsoon

Rain Shadow Effect Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

Biomes Image courtesy of United States Department of Agriculture

Climate Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

Global Conveyor Belt

Upwelling Image courtesy of NOAA

El Nino Normal patternEl Nino Conditions Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

El Nino Conditions

Greenhouse Effect Image courtesy of U.S. Department of the Interior