Properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form H 2 gas slippery feel turn litmus blue bitter taste ChemASAP vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda electrolytes

Definitions  In aqueous solution… HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl – Acids Acids dissociate into hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H HHHH H Cl OO – + acid Courtesy Christy Johannesson

Definitions  In aqueous solution… Bases Bases dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH - ) NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH - H H H H H H N NO O – + H H H H base Courtesy Christy Johannesson

Common Acids Sulfuric AcidH 2 SO 4 Nitric AcidHNO 3 Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 Hydrochloric AcidHCl Acetic Acid CH 3 COOH Carbonic Acid H 2 CO 3 Battery acid To make fertilizers and explosives Food flavoring Stomach acid Vinegar Carbonated water

Common Bases Sodium hydroxideNaOHlye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxideKOHlye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxideMg(OH) 2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxideCa(OH) 2 slaked lime Ammonia waterNH 3 H 2 Ohousehold ammonia Name Formula Common Name. NH 4 OH NH OH 1- ammonium hydroxide

Strong vs. Weak Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 508

Acid-Base Neutralization Hydronium ion Hydroxide ionWater H3O+H3O+ OH - H2OH2O Water H2OH2O Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584

Neutralization of Bug Bites Wasp - stings with base (neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar) Red Ant - bites with acid (neutralize with baking soda)

Neutralization ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O HC 2 H 3 O 2 + NaOH  NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O weak strong salt Courtesy Christy Johannesson