Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Acids and Bases pH < 7 pH > 7 taste sour taste bitter react w/bases react w/acids proton (H1+) donor proton (H1+) acceptor turn litmus red turn litmus blue lots of H1+/H3O1+ lots of OH1– react w/metals don’t react w/metals Both are electrolytes.
2
Acid vs. Base Base Different Alike Different Topic Topic Acid
Affects pH and litmus paper pH < 7 pH > 7 Topic Topic sour taste Related to H+ (proton) concentration bitter taste Acid Base Acids A substance with at least one hydrogen atom that can dissociate to form an anion and an H+ ion (a proton) in aqueous solution, thereby forming an acidic solution Bases Compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH–) and a cation when dissolved in water, thus forming a basic solution Neutral Solutions that are neither basic nor acidic react with metals pH + pOH = 14 does not react with metals
3
Properties ACIDS BASES electrolytes electrolytes sour taste
bitter taste turn litmus red turn litmus blue react with metals to form H2 gas slippery feel vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda ChemASAP
4
Properties of acids and bases Acids – Sour taste
– Turns blue litmus paper red – Reacts with some metals to produce H2 – Dissolves carbonate salts, releasing CO2 Bases – Bitter taste – Turns red litmus paper blue – Slippery to the touch Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
5
Common Acids and Bases Strong Acids (strong electrolytes)
Strong Bases (strong electrolytes) NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ca(OH) calcium hydroxide HCl hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitric acid HClO4 perchloric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is another acid commonly found in the laboratory. It is on the borderline between a strong and weak acid. Weak Base (weak electrolyte) NH4OH ammonia Weak Acids (weak electrolytes) CH3COOH acetic acid H2CO3 carbonic Weak Base (weak electrolyte) NH ammonia NH3 + H2O NH4OH Kotz, Purcell, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 1991, page 145
6
Acid + Base Salt + Water
Orange juice + milk bad taste Evergreen shrub + concrete dead bush Under a pine tree + fertilizer white powder HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH salt water
7
Acid-Base Neutralization
1+ 1- + + Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion H3O+ OH- Water H2O Water H2O Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
8
Acid-Base Neutralization
1+ 1- + + H3O+ OH- H2O H2O Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion Water Water Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
Similar presentations
